Agnes of God

John Pielmeier

47 pages 1-hour read

John Pielmeier

Agnes of God

Fiction | Play | Adult | Published in 1982

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Act IIAct Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes depictions of death, child death, mental illness, sexual violence, rape, graphic violence, disordered eating, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and child abuse.

Act II, Scene 1 Summary

Agnes is heard singing in French as the scene begins. The song continues as Dr. Livingstone explains that inducing hypnosis in Agnes was a long and difficult process that required multiple sessions over several weeks. She describes the sessions as fragmented and scheduled irregularly throughout her working day, interrupted by other patients and routine activities.


As Agnes continues singing, Dr. Livingstone reflects on her own mental state. She explains that her own memories surface involuntarily and disrupt her concentration. She describes these memories as intrusive and uncontrollable, often appearing mid-thought before she could complete her ideas. She suggests that if she were able to fully articulate her thoughts, these intrusive recollections might diminish or resolve, but “they come too easily” (52).

Act II, Scene 2 Summary

The scene shifts into the hypnosis session itself. Dr. Livingstone guides Agnes through relaxation techniques, instructing her to imagine a surrounding, warm, enveloping presence of “a chorus of angels” (52). Agnes responds to suggestions and confirms that she can hear and recognize Dr. Livingstone. Under hypnosis, Agnes admits that she is afraid. She fears that she is in trouble. After prompting, she reveals that she did, indeed, have a baby.


Agnes describes her awareness of the pregnancy and her fear that she was not worthy of being a mother. She states that she did not want the baby because of this and believed that she was being punished. She denies knowing how the pregnancy occurred in detail but acknowledges that she believed she would have a child. She also admits that another nun guessed correctly about the pregnancy, but Agnes refuses to identify her.


Dr. Livingstone guides Agnes back to the night she became ill, instructing her to recall her room in the convent. Agnes describes eating dinner, attending vespers, and later returning to her room due to illness. Under deeper hypnosis, she reports finding a wastepaper basket in her room when there was not normally one there. She also remembers severe pain and hallucinations, including the sensation that she had “eaten glass” fed to her by the other jealous nuns. Becoming increasingly agitated, Agnes also reveals the belief that someone was present in the room to take her baby. She becomes increasingly distressed, experiencing physical contractions and emotional panic.


As the hypnosis intensifies, Agnes relives the traumatic episode and cries out in fear and anger. Mother Miriam intervenes, attempting to stop the session, but Agnes reacts violently and resists. Dr. Livingstone calms her and brings her out of the hypnotic state. Agnes regains composure but remains frightened. She then embraces Dr. Livingstone. As she leaves, she begins to sing.


After Agnes exits, Dr. Livingstone and Mother Miriam argue over the implications of what has been revealed. Mother Miriam insists that Agnes is spiritually special and that she is possibly the subject of a miracle. Dr. Livingstone rejects this interpretation. They debate possible causes of the pregnancy, including the existence of a father or external—even miraculous—intervention. Mother Miriam suggests that it may be a parthenogenesis orchestrated by God, while Dr. Livingstone attributes Agnes’s current state to psychological trauma and past abuse. Mother Miriam wants to believe that Agnes could be more than “the sum of her psychological parts” (62).


The conflict escalates as both women challenge each other’s beliefs about religion, science, and truth. Mother Miriam wonders why Dr. Livingstone is so desperate to save Agnes and then leaves to report Dr. Livingstone’s conduct to the court. Before exiting, she states that a “small miracle” has already occurred. Agnes briefly re-enters, confirms that she will not see Dr. Livingstone again, and identifies her mother as the person she believes was present in the room.

Act II, Scene 3 Summary

Dr. Livingstone recounts a vivid dream in which she was a midwife in a white, remote hospital surrounded by snow. In the dream, she performed a cesarean section on a woman. As she did so, she experienced a disturbing sensation of being physically drawn into the birth, as though the infant were pulling her inside the womb. She was overwhelmed by the experience and woke abruptly.


Upon waking, she discovered blood on her sheets. She reveals that she had not menstruated for approximately three years prior to this event. She reflects briefly on the idea of having a child, stating that she would have done “nothing” with it, repeating the thought in a detached manner.


Dr. Livingstone explains that—shortly after this experience—she requested and received a court order placing Agnes under her care. She states that she was convinced that she was right in her assessment of the case. She reflects on her professional role as a doctor and suggests that she should have maintained greater detachment, acknowledging her emotional involvement. She breaks down physically, striking her chest as she insists that she is made of flesh, blood, heart, and soul. She concludes by describing her thought process as incomplete and unresolved, referring to it as “the unfinished thought” and “the last reel” (65).

Act II, Scene 4 Summary

Mother Miriam confronts Dr. Livingstone, accusing her of escalating the investigation and interfering with Agnes’s care. Dr. Livingstone states that she intends to hypnotize Agnes again and questions Mother Miriam about inconsistencies in her account of Agnes’s pregnancy. Under pressure, Mother Miriam admits that she knew Agnes was pregnant but claims that she did not realize it until it was too late to prevent scandal or intervene medically. She explains that she gave Agnes instructions not to tell anyone.


Dr. Livingstone presses her about the night of the birth. Mother Miriam admits that she entered Agnes’s room during the labor but insists that she only intended to help and panicked because of the severity of the situation. Dr. Livingstone suggests that she may have been directly involved in the baby’s death, but Mother Miriam denies killing the child and insists that she left to get help. The argument escalates, with each accusing the other of distortion and denial. If Agnes does not confirm Mother Miriam’s story, the incensed Mother Miriam says, then she is a “goddamn liar” (68).


Agnes enters, and Dr. Livingstone begins another hypnosis session, returning her to the night of Sister Paul’s death, when the women believe that Agnes became pregnant. Agnes describes waking in the dark and sensing someone in her room. She experiences a hallucinatory vision of a flower transforming into blood and light, culminating in a divine image. She suddenly begins to bleed from her hands and becomes terrified, believing that the event is real and external. She accuses both Dr. Livingstone and Mother Miriam of causing her suffering.


Dr. Livingstone attempts to redirect Agnes’s interpretation, suggesting the presence of a male figure who assaulted her. Agnes initially resists but eventually identifies the figure as God, expressing fear of divine punishment because she now hates God. Dr. Livingstone insists that she is not guilty, while Mother Miriam attempts to stop the session, arguing that Agnes is too distressed to continue.


Under continued questioning, Agnes recalls the birth clearly. She states that Mother Miriam was present during the delivery and then left her alone with the newborn. Agnes describes the baby as alive and recalls killing it by tying the cord around its neck to “give her back to God” (73); she then disposed of the body in a wastebasket. Dr. Livingstone brings Agnes out of the hypnosis.


After the revelation, Agnes becomes dissociated, singing softly as she withdraws. Mother Miriam expresses grief and blame toward Dr. Livingstone, suggesting that irreversible harm has been done. Agnes then shifts between fragmented spiritual visions and childhood memories, describing experiences of divine presence and fear, in which a godlike figure came to her during the night and lay on top of her while singing. The scene ends with her singing as she is led away.

Act II, Scene 5 Summary

Dr. Livingstone begins the scene by singing the song that Agnes sang while she was being taken away. Dr. Livingstone reflects on what happened to Agnes after the case concluded. She recalls Agnes singing and the ambiguity of the song associated with her final state. Dr. Livingstone considers two possible interpretations of the song: Either it reflects seduction and sexual violence linked to a male figure, or it is a childhood lullaby connected to innocence and longing. She acknowledges that she cannot know the truth behind Agnes’s experience.


Dr. Livingstone states that she has withdrawn from the case. She explains that Mother Miriam submitted Agnes to the court, after which Agnes was sent to a hospital. There, Agnes stopped singing and eating and eventually died. Dr. Livingstone questions the meaning of these events, asking why a child was abused, a baby died, and a “mind destroyed.” She expresses frustration at the absence of a clear explanation or moral order.


She reflects on her own involvement, acknowledging that she has made a personal confession of belief despite her earlier skepticism. She questions whether Agnes’s suffering had any purpose and whether it can be understood as part of a divine or meaningful structure, as Dr. Livingstone would like to believe.


She concludes by stating that she misses Agnes and hopes that some part of Agnes remains with her; she wants to believe that Agnes was “blessed.” She suggests that this lingering presence would be a sufficient form of miracle.

Act II Analysis

Act II of Agnes of God is structured around two instances of hypnosis that shed light not only on Agnes’s state of mind during and after the birth but also on Dr. Livingstone’s relationship to her. Mother Miriam grants her permission for Dr. Livingstone to hypnotize Agnes. Scene 1 condenses the weeks-long timeframe into a short introductory scene, with Dr. Livingstone explaining that she practiced with Agnes every day until Agnes was pliable to hypnosis. The more she worked with Agnes, however, the more her own memories rose to the surface. She claims that her own memories came “galloping out,” their unstoppable flow hinting at the broader ways in which Dr. Livingstone could not help but become increasingly invested in Agnes’s case as a proxy for understanding herself. The dream in which Dr. Livingstone becomes drawn into another woman’s birth further highlights this process, as does the fact that she wakes up bleeding afterward. Blood, particularly in its association with both violence and birth, here symbolizes porous boundaries—between the body and the outside world, between one person and another, between life and death, between science and religion, etc. Like Agnes’s singing blurs the boundaries between scenes and spaces, Agnes’s case blurs the boundaries between the characters and exposes their pain and vulnerability.


In Scene 4, during her second hypnosis session, Agnes makes her confession. In the religious context of the play, this takes on a dual meaning. Catholic confession, also called the Sacrament of Reconciliation, is a ritual in which a person admits sins to a priest, expresses repentance, and receives absolution. Its nature is spiritual and sacramental, as it involves personal acknowledgment of wrongdoing and the belief that forgiveness is granted through God’s grace, mediated by the Church. Its significance lies in restoring the individual’s relationship with God while it also reinforces core Catholic teachings about sin, forgiveness, and the possibility of redemption through sincere repentance. However, Agnes makes her confession not to God, but to the two surrogate mothers who have taken over her case, confessing that she killed the baby and then “stuffed her in the trash can” (73). They cannot offer her absolution, nor can they free her from the consequences of the law. All they can do is offer her understanding and sympathy, the tender emotions that Agnes has not known for most of her life. Thus, the nature of this confession shows the extent to which all institutions—secular and religious—have failed Agnes, a failure that the two women recognize but cannot repair.


What follows reinforces the dual insufficiency of both science and religion. As the emotion of her confession becomes overwhelming, Agnes begins to sing. Mother Miriam comforts her by joining in the song, offering a kind of harmonious support that Agnes has lacked. Even this support, however, is limited in scope. Neither Mother Miriam nor Dr. Livingstone is able to save Agnes from the brutal nature of psychiatric hospitalization. The last time the audience sees Agnes, she is being led away by one of the few people who ever cared for her. The monologue is left to clarify what happens: Agnes was thrown “on the mercy of the court” and then sent to a hospital where she withered away and died (75). 


While this seemingly vindicates Mother Miriam’s contention that Agnes could not survive outside the sheltered environment of the convent, the failure of religion is, if anything, even more pronounced. Agnes lashes out at the godlike figure in her memories, calls out that she hates him, and even associates him with sexual assault. While the play leaves open the possibility that Agnes did in fact conceive miraculously—and thus that she was directly “violated” by God—the more prosaic explanation is that she associates God with the trauma she has experienced because of The Rationalization of Harm Through Faith. Agnes herself previously linked suffering to religious purity; now, her repressed anger over the way religion is wielded to justify suffering becomes clear. 


However, the play’s attitude toward religion is not wholly cynical. The changes Agnes has brought about in the two women—and especially in Dr. Livingstone—are described as “miracle enough.” The phrase simultaneously downplays the desire to believe in miracles and expresses Dr. Livingstone’s own desire to do so. The treatment of Agnes herself is similarly ambivalent. Despite her actions and her tragic end, the play ultimately does frame her as a saintlike figure: someone who saves Dr. Livingstone and Mother Miriam and changes their views of the world.

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