Appearance Versus Reality

Can we ever fully trust our senses, or are they too unreliable to perceive the world as it is? In this collection, we gather texts that explore the idea of appearance versus reality, from classics such as Aristotle's On the Soul to contemporary bestsellers like Jia Tolentino's Trick Mirror.

Publication year 1608

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Femininity, Sexual Identity, Appearance & Reality, Daughters & Sons, Fathers, Politics & Government, Fate

Tags Classic Fiction, Tragedy, Comedy & Satire, Jacobean Era

Pericles, Prince of Tyre (circa 1608) is one of William Shakespeare’s late plays, co-written with Geroge Wilkins and forming part of a cycle of romances that includes Cymbeline and The Tempest. The play follows the wandering Prince Pericles as he flees an incestuous tyrant, survives shipwrecks, wins and loses love, and is ultimately reunited with his long-lost wife and daughter. Once regarded as difficult to stage, Pericles is now considered one of Shakespeare’s most experimental... Read Pericles Summary

Publication year 1956

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Gender Identity, Sexual Identity, Social Class, Shame & Pride, Femininity, Mental Health, Childhood & Youth, Coming of Age, Midlife, Appearance & Reality, Daughters & Sons, Family, Mothers, Community, Education, Self Discovery

Tags Classic Fiction, Historical Fiction, Coming of Age, Modern Classic Fiction, Romance

Peyton Place is a novel depicting sensational and melodramatic events in a small New England town in the 1930s and 1940s; it was written by American novelist Grace Metalious and published in 1956. Peyton Place provoked controversy due to its depiction of taboo topics including sexuality, sexual abuse, and abortion. Nonetheless, the novel sold extremely well, and it was also adapted into successful films and television series. Metalious explores themes such as Shame and Ambivalence... Read Peyton Place Summary

Publication year 1858

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Good & Evil, Masculinity, Femininity, Coming of Age, Religion & Spirituality, Appearance & Reality

Tags Fantasy, Classic Fiction, Christian, World History, Fairy Tale & Folklore, Religion & Spirituality

Phantastes: a Faerie Romance for Men and Women (1858) by George MacDonald is an extended fairy tale in which Anodos, a youth just coming of age, enters a hauntingly beautiful fairy wood. Ever pursuing his ideal of beauty, he meets many of the inhabitants of the enchanted world, overcoming obstacles as he learns what it means to become not just a man but a good man, eventually achieving union with the divine.George MacDonald (1824-1905) was a... Read Phantastes Summary

Publication year 341

Genre Reference/Text Book, Nonfiction

Themes Appearance & Reality, Space, Order & Chaos, Science & Technology

Tags Philosophy, Science & Nature, World History

Publication year 1974

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Environment, Religion & Spirituality, Appearance & Reality

Tags Creative Nonfiction, Science & Nature, Religion & Spirituality, Philosophy, Philosophy, Classic Fiction, Biography

Pilgrim at Tinker Creek by Annie Dillard is a personal narrative describing her observations of a creek near her home in Virginia over the course of a year. Dillard, a suburban housewife, uses a first-person narrative voice to describe her walks, paying homage to a tradition of nature writing while posing large questions about the nature of God and wilderness. The author blends research into the natural world, philosophical inquiry, and poetic imagery while engaging... Read Pilgrim at Tinker Creek Summary

Publication year 1956

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Religion & Spirituality, Death, Appearance & Reality

Tags Classic Fiction, Symbolic Narrative, Existentialism, British Literature, World History, Fantasy

Pincher Martin is a novel by British author William Golding, first published in 1956. Set during World War II, it tells the story of a Royal Navy lieutenant named Christopher Hadley Martin who washes up on an inhospitable islet after his ship sinks. Though nominally a survival story, the book primarily concerns Martin’s spiritual and metaphysical journey as he struggles to maintain his sanity while awaiting rescue.This study guide refers to the 2013 edition published... Read Pincher Martin Summary

Publication year 2003

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Social Class, Appearance & Reality, Family

Tags Horror & Suspense, Historical Fiction, Action & Adventure, Natural Disaster, Mystery & Crime Fiction, Italian Literature, World History, Classical Period

Pompeii is a 2003 historical fiction novel by British author Robert Harris. The novel blends together the history of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD with a fictional plot about an engineer sent from Rome to repair the city’s aqueducts. This study guide uses an eBook version of the 2003 Ballantine Books edition. Plot SummaryMarcus Attilius Primus is a young aqueduct engineer, also known as an “aquarius.” His father and his grandfather were... Read Pompeii Summary

Publication year 2021

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Coming of Age, Death, The Past, Animals, Appearance & Reality, Family, Colonialism, Religion & Spirituality

Tags Children`s Literature, World History, Historical Fiction, Fantasy, Animals, Action & Adventure

Publication year 1995

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Courage, Fear, Animals, Appearance & Reality, Power & Greed, Family, Friendship

Tags Children`s Literature, Fantasy, Action & Adventure, Animals, Education, Education

Publication year 1907

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Appearance & Reality, Order & Chaos, Religion & Spirituality

Tags Philosophy, Psychology, American Literature, Religion & Spirituality, Science & Nature, Psychology, Philosophy, Self-Improvement, Classic Fiction

Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking (1907) is a philosophical work by the American philosopher and psychologist William James. It consists of eight lectures originally delivered at the Lowell Institute in Boston and at Columbia University in New York. James is closely associated with the philosophy of pragmatism, originally formulated by the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce, and this book is considered the major statement of the ideas and principles of... Read Pragmatism Summary

Publication year 2012

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Fear, Love, Memory, Death, The Past, Appearance & Reality, Objects & Materials, Place, Space, Family, Teamwork, Self Discovery, Community, Education, Fate, Order & Chaos, Religion & Spirituality, Science & Technology, Truth & Lies

Tags Religion & Spirituality, Health, Science & Nature, Biography

Dr. Eben Alexander’s 2012 memoir, Proof of Heaven: A Neurosurgeon’s Journey into the Afterlife, documents his near-death experience (NDE) while in a coma resulting from a rare bacterial infection. As an academic neurosurgeon with a materialist worldview, Alexander did not believe in an afterlife. The book details how his NDE forced him to reconcile his scientific training with what he now considered proof of a reality beyond the physical world. The memoir explores several themes:... Read Proof of Heaven: A Neurosurgeon's Journey Into the Afterlife Summary

Publication year 1977

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Fear, Hate & Anger, Hope, Loneliness, Shame & Pride, Femininity, Gender Identity, Sexual Identity, Appearance & Reality, Friendship, Self Discovery, Politics & Government, Equality, Justice, Safety & Danger

Tags Gender & Feminism, Trauma & Abuse, Humor

Margaret Atwood’s “Rape Fantasies” (1977) is a short story written from the first-person point of view of the protagonist Estelle. The short story revolves around Estelle’s attempts to understand why recent magazine articles feature frequent discussions of rape. After she and her office coworkers share their rape fantasies, Estelle delves into her own sexual imaginings. Rooted in the cultural context of the 1970s Women’s Movement, “Rape Fantasies” explores themes including the Conflation of Fantasy and... Read Rape Fantasies Summary

Publication year 2020

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Coming of Age, Appearance & Reality, Daughters & Sons, Friendship, Politics & Government, Justice

Tags Fantasy, Romance, LGBTQ+

Publication year 1942

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Friendship, Loneliness, Appearance & Reality

Tags Mystery & Crime Fiction, Horror & Suspense, Modern Classic Fiction, Classic Fiction

Cornell Woolrich’s short story “Rear Window” first appeared under the title “It Had To Be Murder” in Dime Detective Magazine in 1942. The tale follows protagonist Hal “Jeff” Jeffries who is confined to his New York apartment by a broken leg during an oppressive summer heatwave. The back of his apartment looks toward the backs of the apartments on a parallel street, and Jeff routinely peeps from his rear window into theirs. He eventually becomes... Read Rear Window Summary