Nature Versus Nurture

How much of our identity is shaped by our environments? How much is intrinsic to who we are and beyond the control of external forces? These are ancient questions with complex answers. In this collection we've gathered texts that explore the issue of nature versus nurture from a variety of angles.

On The Nature Of Things

by Lucretius

Publication year 1910

Genre Essay Collection, Nonfiction

Themes Nature Versus Nurture, Fear

Tags Philosophy, Italian Literature, Ancient Rome

On the Nature of Things is a philosophical work by the Roman author Titus Lucretius Carus (whom we call “Lucretius”). It was written in the early 50s BC, in Latin. Though this is a work of science and philosophy, it is also a poem.This work provides a detailed description of Epicurean philosophy, which encompasses theories of atoms, cosmology, theology, and a wide variety of natural phenomena. It also addresses the nature of the mind and... Read On The Nature Of Things Summary

On the Origin of Species

by Charles Darwin

Publication year 1859

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Environment, Animals, Plants, Appearance & Reality, Nature Versus Nurture, Place, Climate, Food, Beauty, Order & Chaos

Tags Science & Nature, World History, Religion & Spirituality

Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (published in 1859) is a seminal work in evolutionary biology of great historical and scientific importance. Darwinian thought, especially regarding evolution, is now commonly accepted as the most powerful theory in biology and the natural history of species—and the system of natural selection that this theory advanced has been applied (and misappropriated)... Read On the Origin of Species Summary

On the Shortness of Life

by Seneca

Publication year 49

Genre Essay / Speech, Nonfiction

Themes The Past, Future, Death, Nature Versus Nurture

Tags Classical Period, Philosophy, Ancient Rome, World History, Psychology, Psychology, Philosophy, Self-Improvement, Classic Fiction, Religion & Spirituality

... Read On the Shortness of Life Summary

Ourika

by Claire de Duras

Publication year 1823

Genre Novella, Fiction

Themes Mothers, Nature Versus Nurture

Tags Classic Fiction, French Literature, Education, Education, Historical Fiction

Written in 1823 by Claire de Duras, Ourika is a French novella based on real events about a Senegalese woman taken as a slave from her native country and raised in French high society. Ourika is one of the first European texts to feature a black protagonist, the psychological depth of whom promotes empathy with the racial “Other” and highlights the importance of nurture (versus nature) in human psychological development. In the Introduction, a young doctor is summoned to an... Read Ourika Summary

Out of the Easy

by Ruta Sepetys

Publication year 2013

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Social Class, Friendship, Sexual Identity, Community, Safety & Danger, Daughters & Sons, Literature, Mothers, Family, Shame & Pride, Nature Versus Nurture, Fathers, Gender Identity, Appearance & Reality, Truth & Lies, Perseverance, Loneliness, Guilt, Hope

Tags Historical Fiction, Mystery & Crime Fiction, Realistic Fiction, Southern Literature, Trauma & Abuse, World History, Romance

Out of the Easy, written by Ruta Sepetys and published in 2013, is a young adult historical fiction novel. Sepetys is an award-winning Lithuanian American writer of young adult historical fiction. Her honors include the Carnegie Medal, awarded to one work of children’s or young adult literature per year. Her novels are international best sellers and are widely translated. Out of the Easy is about Josie, a teenage girl living in the French Quarter of... Read Out of the Easy Summary

Queen of Shadows

by Sarah J. Maas

Publication year 2015

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Conflict, Perseverance, Guilt, Love, Femininity, Race, Coming of Age, Nature Versus Nurture, Place, Teamwork, Self Discovery, Colonialism, War, Good & Evil, Loyalty & Betrayal, Power & Greed

Tags Fantasy, Romance, Action & Adventure, Fairy Tale & Folklore

... Read Queen of Shadows Summary

Rogue Protocol

by Martha Wells

Publication year 2018

Genre Novella, Fiction

Themes Conflict, Appearance & Reality, Nature Versus Nurture, Friendship, Teamwork, Economics, Politics & Government, Power & Greed, Science & Technology

Tags Science Fiction, Action & Adventure

... Read Rogue Protocol Summary

Saltwater

by Katy Hays

Publication year 2025

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Apathy, Conflict, Perseverance, Fear, Grief, Guilt, Hate & Anger, Hope, Loneliness, Regret, Memory, Revenge, Shame & Pride, Femininity, Gender Identity, Masculinity, Sexual Identity, Aging, Childhood & Youth, Coming of Age, Death, Future, The Past, Appearance & Reality, Environment, Plants, Nature Versus Nurture, Place, Daughters & Sons, Family, Fathers, Friendship, Marriage, Mothers, Siblings, Self Discovery, Social Class, Economics, Globalization, Politics & Government, Art, Beauty, Fame, Good & Evil, Justice, Literature, Loyalty & Betrayal, Power & Greed, Safety & Danger, Trust & Doubt, Truth & Lies, Wins & Losses

Tags Mystery & Crime Fiction, Horror & Suspense

Published in 2025, Saltwater is a literary thriller by Katy Hays, author of the New York Times bestselling novel The Cloisters (2022). Like her debut, which is in development as a television series, Saltwater blends suspense with a richly detailed, atmospheric setting. The novel follows the wealthy Lingate family on their annual trip to Capri, an island that holds the dark secret of playwright Sarah Lingate’s mysterious death 30 years prior. Sarah’s husband, Richard Lingate... Read Saltwater Summary

Sexing the Cherry

by Jeanette Winterson

Publication year 1989

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Conflict, Emotions/Behavior: Courage, Perseverance, Forgiveness, Grief, Hate & Anger, Hope, Loneliness, Love, Memory, Nostalgia, Revenge, Disability, Femininity, Gender Identity, Indigenous Identity, Language, Masculinity, Sexual Identity, Aging, Birth, Childhood & Youth, Coming of Age, Death, The Past, Animals, Appearance & Reality, Climate, Environment, Plants, Nature Versus Nurture, Objects & Materials, Place, Space, Daughters & Sons, Family, Fathers, Marriage, Mothers, Self Discovery, Social Class, Community, Globalization, Immigration, Nation, Politics & Government, War, Art, Beauty, Equality, Fate, Good & Evil, Justice, Literature, Order & Chaos, Religion & Spirituality, Safety & Danger, Science & Technology, Trust & Doubt, Truth & Lies

Tags Historical Fiction, Magical Realism, LGBTQ+, Postmodernism

Jeanette Winterson’s Sexing the Cherry (1989) is a work of historiographic metafiction that blends fantasy elements with the historical backdrop of 17th-century England. The novel is primarily told through the alternating perspectives of the Dog-Woman, a powerful giantess, and her adopted son, Jordan. Rescued from the Thames as an infant, Jordan grows up to become an explorer, embarking on both literal sea voyages and fantastical journeys of the mind in search of an elusive dancer... Read Sexing the Cherry Summary

She Who Remains

by Rene Karabash, Transl. Izidora Angel

Publication year 2026

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Guilt, Hope, Loneliness, Love, Nostalgia, Regret, Revenge, Femininity, Gender Identity, Sexual Identity, Coming of Age, Death, The Past, Appearance & Reality, Nature Versus Nurture, Place, Daughters & Sons, Community, Equality, Justice

Tags Literary Fiction, LGBTQ+

Rene Karabash’s debut novel, She Who Remains, was originally published in Bulgaria in 2018 and released in English translation in 2024. The novel is a work of literary fiction that draws on the real-world tradition of sworn virgins in the Balkan region. Set in a remote Albanian village, the story centers on a young woman named Bekija, who lives under the strictures of an ancient patriarchal legal code known as the Kanun. To escape a... Read She Who Remains Summary

Solibo Magnificent

by Patrick Chamoiseau

Publication year 1997

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Race, Plants, Food, Nature Versus Nurture, Place, Colonialism, Community, Art, Justice, Literature

Tags Mystery & Crime Fiction

Solibo Magnificent (1988) is an allegorical detective novel by Martinican author Patrick Chamoiseau. One night during Carnival in Fort-de-France, the capital of Martinique, the master storyteller and charcoal seller, Solibo Magnificent, is telling a story under the tamarind tree when he suddenly falls dead. Police inspectors Bouaffesse and Pilon investigate the suspicious death, but their interrogations of the witnesses reveal more about the life and culture on the island than they do about the circumstances... Read Solibo Magnificent Summary