The narrator of his own posthumous memoirs, Brás writes with a blend of cynicism and detachment. Born into the Brazilian elite, he grows up accustomed to privilege and indulgence. He seeks social recognition and wealth, viewing people through a transactional lens while grappling with his own unfulfilled ambitions.

Brás's father and the patriarch of the Cubas household. He cares deeply about the family's social status and invents stories about their lineage to elevate their reputation. He encourages his son to pursue political prestige and a respectable marriage, shaping Brás's worldview.

Brás's sister, who shares their father's preoccupation with social standing and prestige. She actively monitors the family's reputation and intervenes in her brother's personal life to ensure he maintains a respectable image in high society. She attempts to orchestrate advantageous social connections for her brother.

The daughter of Councilor Dutra and a central figure in Brás's romantic life. She commands attention in social settings and cares deeply about public perception and reputation. Her relationship with Brás is heavily influenced by the societal constraints and political ambitions of 19th-century Brazilian high society.

Brás's childhood friend and schoolmate. He is mischievous and inventive in his youth, later developing into a philosopher who creates his own ideology called humanitism. He believes in a natural hierarchy and self-interest, ideas that resonate strongly with the elite class.

Sabina's husband, heavily involved in the Cubas family matters. He presents himself as a man of strong principles to his brother-in-law. His public image contrasts with private criticisms regarding his harsh treatment of enslaved individuals and alleged involvement in smuggling.

A Spanish woman and Brás's first major romantic interest. She is pragmatic about her relationships, treating romance as a transactional arrangement tied to lavish gifts and financial support. Her practical approach to affection stands in contrast to Brás's youthful idealism.

The daughter of Dona Eusébia. She possesses a striking natural beauty and poised demeanor that attracts Brás. She has a physical disability that affects her walking, a trait that openly perplexes Brás and complicates his feelings toward her.

Cotrim's niece, whose father seeks to elevate their family's social standing. She tries hard to assimilate into the manners and expectations of the Brazilian elite. Her social aspirations make her a target for Sabina's matchmaking efforts.

A politician who successfully courts Virgília and secures a candidacy over Brás. He is highly conscious of public opinion and the prestige of his office. He values his political career and public image above all else, keeping a careful watch on how society perceives his household.

A former seamstress and servant for Virgília's family. Having endured a life of hardship and poverty following the loss of her father and husband, she relies heavily on the patronage of wealthier families to survive.

An enslaved individual in the Cubas household who endures Brás's cruel childhood antics. He is often used as a prop for Brás's amusement, illustrating the stark class and racial divides of the society.

A woman who cared for Brás's mother during her illness. She acts watchfully over her daughter and maintains ties with the Cubas family out of mutual history.

An influential councilor and Virgília's father. He holds significant political sway and advises younger men like Brás on how to navigate the candidacy race and secure social advancement.

Nhã-Loló's father. He lacks the refined manners of the established elite, often engaging in behaviors that embarrass his socially ambitious daughter.

A poet and Virgília's cousin. He often looks for approval regarding his literary works, making him an easy target for Brás's subtle diversions.