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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of emotional abuse, child abuse, racism, mental illness, and cursing.
In The Sisters, inherited family narratives and traumas function as self-fulfilling prophecies that dictate the characters’ relationships and self-perceptions. The novel argues that these cycles, passed down from one generation to the next, require a direct, often painful confrontation with the past. The most prominent example is the Mikkola family “curse,” a belief instilled by their mother, Selima, that shapes their every action. This myth runs parallel to the narrator Jonas’s own struggle with the internalized voice of his hyper-critical father. Through these intertwined stories, Jonas Hassen Khemiri demonstrates that escaping intergenerational trauma is a messy, ongoing process of rewriting one’s internal script rather than achieving a clean, final liberation.
The Mikkola sisters’ lives are governed by their mother’s paranoid belief that they’re under a curse that “everything [they] love will get taken from [them]” (53). This narrative becomes a self-sabotaging blueprint for their adult lives. Ina, the eldest, lives in constant fear that her boyfriend, Hector, will leave her, a fear that nearly drives him away. Anastasia, the youngest, is drawn to destructive relationships, most notably with Mathias, which reinforces a pattern of chaos and loss. Evelyn, the middle sister, runs from any form of commitment, sabotaging her relationship with Simon and ultimately fleeing her life in Sweden. The curse provides a framework for understanding their misfortunes, but it also actively creates them by predisposing the sisters to expect and therefore enact abandonment and failure. Evelyn’s journey to New York to find her aunt, the “real” Selima, is a quest to confront the source of this family myth and, in doing so, break its hold over her and her sisters.
Jonas’s personal story offers a more clinical but equally harrowing parallel. He has internalized the voice of his absent and critical father, which manifests in adulthood as a persistent, self-hating inner critic he calls “the Hyena.” This voice relentlessly attacks his worth, sabotages his relationships, and stifles his creative work. Unlike the sisters’ mythic curse, Jonas’s trauma is pathologized and treated with modern therapy. Through cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, he learns to externalize this inherited voice, transforming it from a terrifying predator into a “pathetic chipmunk.” His struggle shows that even without a supernatural narrative, the wounds of parental abandonment and criticism can create a powerful internal cycle of self-destruction that requires deliberate, conscious effort to break.
Ultimately, the novel suggests that breaking these cycles is a continuous struggle. After confronting her aunt, Evelyn learns that the “curse” was born from a human betrayal, yet the emotional residue remains. In the end, the sisters are reunited in a hospital room, their bond intact but their lives still marked by the fallout of their past: Ina’s marriage has collapsed, and Evelyn is facing a health crisis. Similarly, Jonas finds a coping mechanism for his Hyena, but it’s only a management technique, rather than a definitive resolution. The novel closes with a fragile, hard-won truce between the sisters, suggesting that freedom from intergenerational trauma comes from learning to live with the ghosts of the past without letting them dictate the future.
Khemiri’s The Sisters uses its fragmented structure and autofictional narrator to argue that memory is a subjective, constantly evolving narrative. The novel demonstrates how characters reshape their personal histories to create meaning, justify their present selves, and cope with trauma. The truth of any event becomes fluid, dependent entirely on the storyteller and their emotional needs. This is most evident in the narrator Jonas’s attempts to reconstruct his childhood, the Mikkola family’s foundational myths, and the eventual revelations that shatter these long-held stories.
The novel’s structure immediately signals the fallibility of memory. Divided into seven books that cover progressively shorter spans of time, the narrative mirrors how memory prioritizes emotional significance over linear chronology. Years can blur into a few pages, while a single day or minute can expand to fill an entire section. This temporal distortion is reinforced by Jonas, who presents his chapters as his own attempts to remember and make sense of his encounters with the Mikkola sisters. He openly admits to embellishing rumors and lying, framing his recollections as stories that serve his own emotional needs, such as justifying his sense of connection to the sisters or processing his difficult relationship with his father. By positioning the narrator as an active and unreliable shaper of the past, the novel forces the reader to question the objectivity of any memory presented.
The Mikkola sisters’ family myths serve as a collective form of constructed memory, providing a shared identity to counteract the chaos of their upbringing. Evelyn’s recurring story about their great-grandfather, a Swedish steelworker who helped build Rockefeller Center and appeared in the iconic photograph Lunch Atop a Skyscraper, is a key example. This heroic origin story provides the sisters with a sense of pride and a connection to a grand American narrative, regardless of its factual accuracy. The myth becomes so powerful that it eventually propels the sisters on a trip to New York, demonstrating how these constructed memories can shape actions in the present. The story’s truth is less important than its function: to create a stable, honorable past for a family defined by instability and flight.
Ultimately, the novel shows how these subjective memories are fragile and can be shattered by new information. Anastasia’s discovery of their mother’s notebooks reveals an inner world of poetry and vulnerability that contradicts her daughters’ memory of her as a purely chaotic figure. This discovery complicates their understanding of their mother, suggesting that their memories were filtered through the lens of their own childhood pain and neglect. Even more dramatically, the foundational “curse” that has defined the sisters’ lives is entirely recontextualized by Jonas’s father’s revelation: Their mother, whose real name was not Selima, allegedly stole her sister Selima’s passport and identity to escape to Europe. This revelation transforms a supernatural affliction into a human story of betrayal and guilt, proving that the most powerful narratives are often those built to conceal an even more painful truth.
In The Sisters, the experience of second-generation immigrant children is defined by existence in a liminal, “in-between” space. Characters like Jonas and the Mikkola sisters are caught between the cultural heritage of their Tunisian parents and the societal norms of Sweden, their country of birth. Khemiri portrays this dual existence as a source of alienation, forcing his characters to actively invent a hybrid identity that belongs fully to neither world. This struggle is marked by a fractured sense of belonging, a complicated and often symbolic connection to the ancestral homeland, and the creative burden of self-definition.
Throughout the novel, the characters grapple with a feeling of not fully belonging anywhere. The narrator, Jonas, feels his otherness in both Sweden and Tunisia. In Sweden, he endures racist slurs like svartskalle and feels compelled to perform a “street” identity to legitimize his place among other minority youths. In Tunisia, his inability to speak Arabic fluently marks him as an outsider. He is perpetually navigating the gap between how he’s seen and who he feels he is. The Mikkola sisters experience a similar alienation. Their mother’s insistence on raising them to speak English is a strategic choice to equip them with a “bigger language” for a globalized world, but it also sets them apart from their Swedish peers. This linguistic and cultural separation fosters a deep bond among the sisters but reinforces their status as outsiders in their own country.
The connection to the parents’ homeland is portrayed as fraught and symbolic rather than direct or comforting. Jonas’s father embodies this fractured relationship. He spends years and drains his family’s savings on building a house in his hometown of Jendouba, a project that symbolizes a dream of return. However, he also expresses deep resentment toward Tunisia, calling it a “fucking country” where nothing works. The house itself, when Jonas finally sees it, is an unfinished, abandoned ruin, a perfect metaphor for his father’s unresolved connection to his past. For both Anastasia and Jonas, Tunisia is a place of brief, confusing visits. They each travel there as young adults to study Arabic, but these trips only underscore their otherness. They’re attempts to reclaim a part of their heritage from which they have been disconnected, but the language barrier and cultural differences reinforce that they’re visitors.
Ultimately, this feeling of being “in-between” forces the characters to construct their own unique identities. Jonas’s path as a writer becomes a way to forge a coherent self out of his fractured experiences. Similarly, the Mikkola sisters form a self-contained cultural unit, bound by their private language, their shared myths like the family curse, and the story of their great-grandfather. In the world of the novel, identity for the children of immigrants is something that must be painstakingly invented, a process that is both a heavy burden and a deep source of creativity.



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