The Unknown

Riley Sager

The Unknown

Riley Sager
61 pages2-hour read
Fiction
Novel
Adult
Published in 2026

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Symbols & Motifs

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, death by suicide, sexual violence and harassment, child abuse, and mental illness.

The Oak Tree

The massive, lightning-scarred oak tree at the center of the island’s village is a symbol of public memory and the physical manifestation of trauma. It’s a silent, physical narrator, its branches holding the “official record” of who has vanished. In both the historical account and the present-day deception, the act of hanging a woman’s clothes in the tree transforms it from a natural object into a tombstone for the missing. This ritual is a public declaration that a person is gone, solidifying their erasure without explaining the cause. Ronan notes its historical significance upon arriving, remarking, “Where the dresses were found…Amazing that it’s still here after all these years” (28). This continuity between past and present highlights how the island’s traumatic history is actively reenacted. 


The tree becomes the central, grim stage for Violet’s manufactured horror, its symbolism lending an air of historical gravity to the fake disappearances. Ultimately, the oak symbolizes how trauma scars a landscape, turning a living thing into a monument for those without graves and serving as a constant, looming reminder of violence and loss.

Diaries and Journals

The recurring motif of diaries and journals is fundamental to the novel’s exploration of The Malleability of Truth. The narrative is structurally and thematically built upon the supposed historical record of Daisy Rue’s diary, which constructs a compelling and influential supernatural horror story. This text becomes the blueprint for both Ronan’s screenplay and Violet’s complex revenge plot, demonstrating how a single, subjective account can become accepted as history. However, the late-game discovery of Ruth’s journal completely shatters this “truth,” reframing the events as a case of psychological trauma and dissociative identity disorder stemming from abuse. 


The existence of these two conflicting first-person accounts highlights the novel’s central argument that truth is a narrative to be constructed and controlled. Ruth’s journal even provides a meta-commentary on this process, as she clinically observes Daisy’s alternate personality and notes, “I continued to watch as she conversed with two additional people that only she could see” (332). This motif proves that history is a story and that the person who controls the story wields the ultimate power.

Cameras and Recordings

The motif of cameras and recordings powerfully illustrates the theme of Gendered Power Disparities and the Exploitation of Women in Hollywood. For Ronan, a camera is a weapon of abuse and control used to assert his dominance over young, aspiring actresses. He secretly films his sexual encounters, turning intimate moments into trophies of conquest that he shares with friends, an act of deep violation that ultimately caused Elise’s death by suicide. 


This abuse of power is the catalyst for the entire revenge plot. In response, Violet’s group turns the camera back on him, transforming it into a tool for justice. Susie’s attempt to entrap Ronan by secretly recording their interaction in her cottage establishes the camera as a potential equalizer. The camcorder footage of Susie’s staged “disappearance” is then used to manipulate Ronan’s perception of reality, while the camera hidden in the parlor is meant to capture his confession. 


Ultimately, Marin seizes control of this power dynamic. By securing the SD card containing the footage of the final séance and Ronan’s murder, she holds the ultimate evidence, which she leverages not for justice in Elise’s name but for her own career advancement, demonstrating how the control of recorded media translates directly into power.

Daisy Wheels (Hex Signs)

The daisy wheels, or hex signs, carved into trees and buildings throughout New Avalon serve as a recurring motif representing the desperate, and ultimately futile, attempt to control the abstract world through rational means. This directly illuminates The Persistence of Trauma, scarring both people and the landscape they inhabit. 


The symbols originate with Roderick Semple, who, consumed by guilt from manufacturing weapons of war, carved them “all around the island during the dark days of his insanity” (67), hoping they would protect him from the ghosts of his own making. A century later, a terrified Daisy/Azra repeats this action, carving a daisy wheel into her cottage wall in a desperate bid for safety from the “Darkness” that’s actually her own fractured identity. In both cases, the symbols are a defense mechanism against internal, psychological trauma, rather than an external, supernatural evil. They represent a deep-seated need for a tangible barrier against intangible fears like guilt, abuse, and mental illness. The failure of these symbols to offer any real protection emphasizes the novel’s argument that trauma can’t be contained or warded off by superstitious rites. Its destructive effects will inevitably manifest if it isn’t confronted directly.

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