What Katy Did

Susan Coolidge

47 pages 1-hour read

Susan Coolidge

What Katy Did

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1872

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Symbols & Motifs

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of ableism.

The Swing

The swing symbolizes the catastrophic consequences of Katy’s heedless ambition and disobedience, which bring her carefree childhood to a violent end. In the moments before her accident, Katy’s swinging embodies her unchecked energy; she pushes herself “higher and higher,” seeking to “graze the roof with her toes” in an act of reckless aspiration (100). This upward striving directly mirrors her daydreams of performing grand, heroic deeds. However, the swing is forbidden, as Aunt Izzie has ordered the children not to use it. Katy’s choice to defy this order makes the swing a symbol of her undisciplined nature. The subsequent fall is therefore not merely an accident but a direct consequence of her impulsivity, marking the pivotal moment where her untamed childhood freedom is shattered. The swing’s sudden failure illustrates how quickly and irrevocably innocence can be lost when moral discipline is absent: “Suddenly at the very highest point of the sweep there was a sharp noise of cracking. The swing gave a violent twist, spun half round and tossed Katy into the air […] [T]hen down—down—she fell” (100). The violent finality of this moment thrusts Katy out of the world of imaginative play and into the harsh reality of suffering, forcing her onto a new, painful path toward maturity and self-control, which is central to the theme of Coming of Age Through Suffering and Self-Discipline and perpetuates the ableist trope that injury is a punishment for moral failing.

The Vase

The vase that belongs to Cousin Helen symbolizes the deliberate care and self-discipline that Katy must learn to cultivate. When Helen first introduces the object, she describes it as her “pet vase,” one she carries with her so that even a temporary sickroom might feel like home (86). This detail reveals that the vase is not merely decorative but an instrument of intentional living, a small act of will against the struggles she faces with her disability. Helen's choice to travel with it demonstrates the quiet effort behind her seemingly effortless grace, the very quality Katy most admires yet cannot replicate.


Katy receives a duplicate vase as a parting gift and vows to keep it forever, yet she accidentally destroys it the next morning in a fit of impatience, shoving her mirror when she cannot see herself clearly. The moment carries layered significance: Katy’s inability to preserve a fragile, beautiful thing mirrors her broader failure to sustain good intentions through the small trials of daily life. The broken vase gives concrete form to the pattern her father identifies through the proverb about the horseshoe nail, in which carelessness in trivial matters cascades into serious consequence. When Helen visits after Katy’s accident and notices the vase is absent, she promises a replacement, coupling the offer with her lessons about self-improvement and beautiful appearances. The vase thereby becomes linked to Helen’s philosophy that patience and beauty are disciplines one practices and to the ableist belief that injury results from the need for self-improvement. Katy’s capacity to accept and maintain such an object measures her growth toward being a steady, attentive woman, the patriarchal ideal Susan Coolidge promotes.

The Loft

The loft above the woodshed is a symbol of the private, imaginative world of childhood that exists beyond adult supervision and order. The children reach it by climbing a spiked post, a physical challenge that excludes grown-ups and reinforces the space as exclusively theirs. Aunt Izzie would gladly have forbidden them to go, but Dr. Carr permits it, and so the loft persists as a sanctioned pocket of freedom within an otherwise regulated household. Its darkness, dust, and leaking roof make it precisely the kind of place Aunt Izzie cannot comprehend, for she "never had any of these queer notions about getting off into holes and corners and poke-away places" (48). Her bewilderment underscores how the loft belongs to a logic of play that tidy adult sensibility cannot penetrate.


Inside the loft the children hold their feasts, recite original poetry, and perform stories, activities through which they rehearse creativity, leadership, and fellowship. Katy presides as over the ceremonies, directing the program and distributing cookies and vinegar-water that each child renames with a fanciful title, transforming the ordinary into the marvelous through shared imagination. The space therefore represents more than simple escapism; it is a place that emphasizes the bonds between the children and the inventive energy that defines them. Yet the loft also carries a note of transience. It is seasonal, usable only on rainy days when outdoor play fails, and its pleasures depend on conditions the children do not control. As Katy’s world later contracts to her bedroom, the loft’s cramped, self-governing community foreshadows the domestic circle she must learn to sustain not through adventure but through patience, making the symbol’s meaning deepen in retrospect from carefree refuge to an early, unconscious rehearsal for responsibility.

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