20 pages • 40-minute read
Joy HarjoA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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The speaker represents a communal consciousness, specifically the voice of Native American individuals and colonized peoples. Rather than participating in geopolitical conflicts, they focus on domestic survival. They cook rice and potatoes, feed babies, and make music. They possess a deep connection to nature and rely on the wisdom of trees and birds to understand global events.
Observer of The Earth
Warned by The Birds
Observer of The Two Brothers
Observer of The Missionaries
Witness to The Fire Dragon
Distrustful of The President
The natural world is personified as both a wise entity and a mother preparing to give birth. She provides sweetgrasses, food, and stability despite human violence. Even after cataclysmic destruction, she continues to nurture life and inspire new art. The speaker views her as the ultimate source of knowledge and endurance.
Nurturer of The Collective Speaker
Home to The Birds
Exploited by The Two Brothers
Victim of The Fire Dragon
Target of The President
Settled by The Missionaries
These two men represent wealthy oil tycoons extracting fossil fuels for profit. Their actions symbolize the capitalist systems and greed that exploit the environment. Their pursuit of power and resources ultimately triggers the geopolitical blowback that consumes them.
Observed by The Collective Speaker
Consumed by The Fire Dragon
Exploiter of The Earth
Precursor to The President
Ignored by The Birds
Ideological Successor to The Missionaries
A mythological monster made of fire, oil, and fear that destroys the towers. It personifies the geopolitical consequences of empire-building, military intervention, and terrorism. The creature acts as a destructive force born directly from the greed of modern industrial society.
Destroyer of The Two Brothers
Observed by The Collective Speaker
Scorcher of The Earth
Catalyst for The President
Threat to The Birds
Result of The Missionaries
A political leader who the speaker claims stole his way into power. He responds to the disaster with a desire for military retaliation and domination over the earth. He serves as a direct contrast to the peaceful, domestic actions of the everyday citizens.
Distrusted by The Collective Speaker
Dominator of The Earth
A group of animals that possess a superior vantage point compared to human politicians. Because they fly high above the harbor, they observe the military buildup and sense the shifting magnetic fields. They pass their warnings on to those who know how to listen to nature.
Warner of The Collective Speaker
Creature of The Earth
Early European settlers who brought their religion and culture to the occupied island. Their historical arrival marks the beginning of cultural encroachment that eventually spiraled into centuries of global conflict and division.
Colonizer of The Collective Speaker
Occupier of The Earth