When the World as We Knew It Ended

Joy Harjo

20 pages 40-minute read

Joy Harjo

When the World as We Knew It Ended

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 2002

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Character List

Meet the key characters, with insights into their roles, motivations, and relationships—spoiler-free.

Major Characters

The speaker represents a communal consciousness, specifically the voice of Native American individuals and colonized peoples. Rather than participating in geopolitical conflicts, they focus on domestic survival. They cook rice and potatoes, feed babies, and make music. They possess a deep connection to nature and rely on the wisdom of trees and birds to understand global events.

Key Relationships

Observer of The Earth

Warned by The Birds

Observer of The Two Brothers

Observer of The Missionaries

Witness to The Fire Dragon

Distrustful of The President

The natural world is personified as both a wise entity and a mother preparing to give birth. She provides sweetgrasses, food, and stability despite human violence. Even after cataclysmic destruction, she continues to nurture life and inspire new art. The speaker views her as the ultimate source of knowledge and endurance.

Key Relationships

Nurturer of The Collective Speaker

Home to The Birds

Exploited by The Two Brothers

Victim of The Fire Dragon

Target of The President

Settled by The Missionaries

These two men represent wealthy oil tycoons extracting fossil fuels for profit. Their actions symbolize the capitalist systems and greed that exploit the environment. Their pursuit of power and resources ultimately triggers the geopolitical blowback that consumes them.

Key Relationships

Observed by The Collective Speaker

Consumed by The Fire Dragon

Exploiter of The Earth

Precursor to The President

Ignored by The Birds

Ideological Successor to The Missionaries

A mythological monster made of fire, oil, and fear that destroys the towers. It personifies the geopolitical consequences of empire-building, military intervention, and terrorism. The creature acts as a destructive force born directly from the greed of modern industrial society.

Key Relationships

Destroyer of The Two Brothers

Observed by The Collective Speaker

Scorcher of The Earth

Catalyst for The President

Threat to The Birds

Result of The Missionaries

Supporting Characters

A political leader who the speaker claims stole his way into power. He responds to the disaster with a desire for military retaliation and domination over the earth. He serves as a direct contrast to the peaceful, domestic actions of the everyday citizens.

Key Relationships

Distrusted by The Collective Speaker

Dominator of The Earth

A group of animals that possess a superior vantage point compared to human politicians. Because they fly high above the harbor, they observe the military buildup and sense the shifting magnetic fields. They pass their warnings on to those who know how to listen to nature.

Key Relationships

Warner of The Collective Speaker

Creature of The Earth

Early European settlers who brought their religion and culture to the occupied island. Their historical arrival marks the beginning of cultural encroachment that eventually spiraled into centuries of global conflict and division.

Key Relationships

Colonizer of The Collective Speaker

Occupier of The Earth