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Los BaĂąos Prison Camp, January 1945
Conditions at the camp continue to deteriorate as Konishi denies access to aid packages, and the nurses are lightheaded from malnutrition. Prisoners routinely die, and David is part of a group building coffins and digging graves.
David reminds Eleanor to keep up hope for rescue, but she struggles despite seeing US planes passing overhead. One morning, they wake to find that the Japanese abandoned the camp overnight; they raise American and British flags and play their national anthems. In the officersâ barracks, they find a wealth of food, and Eleanor and David go to a nearby village to barter for supplies. They wake a few days later to commotion and think theyâre being rescued; instead, however, Konishi and his garrison have returned.
Kempeitai Headquarters, Manila, January 1945
The Japanese interrogate Lita about her activities with the Resistance and beat her for her silence. As sheâs escorted to a third day of interrogation, she passes a soldier she recognizesâYamada, the Canadian she treatedâbut he pretends not to see her. Guards hook Litaâs fingers up to a machine to administer electric shocks, but the wail of an air-raid siren spares her. After the bombs pass, guards return with Yamada, blindfold her, and take her away.
Santo Tomas Internment Camp, February 1945
The Red Cross delivers a bag of mail found in the rubble at Cavite Naval Yard. Thereâs a letter for Eleanor from John Olson, postmarked November 1941. Penny swears to get it to her friend, refusing to open it despite her curiosity.
Akibo approaches Penny with Newt. He found the girl trying to pickpocket a guard and hit her in the face, splitting her lip. Penny protests that Newt is just a child, but Akibo says sheâs the enemy, the punishment could have been much worse, and Penny should remember how much she owes him.
Imperial Japanese Military Tribunal, February 1945
Lita is tried for treason. As the summary of charges and sentence are read, she learns that Yamada added a report to her file through his uncle, a Kempeitai officer. Because of his report, the Japanese allow her to live, sentencing her to four yearsâ hard labor.
At the labor camp, Reyna pretends not to know Lita. When Lita confronts her, noticing her fingertips are blackened from the electric shock torture, Reyna confesses that the Kempeitai broke her spirit and she gave them Litaâs name. The women cry together, and Lita assures Reyna that she forgives her and is grateful her friend is still alive.
Los BaĂąos Prison Camp, February 1945
Konishi imposes even stricter rationsâ200 calories a dayâand demands the return of all the supplies raided from his barracks. That night, Eleanor sees a group of female prisoners approach Konishi and demand better treatment, swearing that the Americans will see what he has done to them. Though Konishi ignores them, Eleanor is impressed by their courage. David reminds her that sheâs brave every day she goes to the hospital and cares for people, adding that she makes the rest of them feel like theyâre still human and worth saving. He kisses her gently on the forehead.
Santo Tomas Internment Camp, February 1945
US forces are on the outskirts of Manila; the Japanese guards fill camp buildings with gasoline, preparing to blow them up rather than allow rescue. Before they can finish, however, US tanks break down the gates.
Onozaki takes 200 internees hostage and sends Akibo and a small force out to negotiate. When a US sergeant tells them to drop their weapons, all but Akibo comply. He glares at Penny and, when the sergeant insults him, reaches to pull the trigger on his âsuicide grenade.â Heâs shot in the chest.
Penny approaches Akibo. Kneeling down, she unclasps her necklace, saying, âI want whatâs mine. [âŚ] I owe you nothingâ (323). When she offers to treat the gunshot wound and he replies that he would rather die, she walks away.
Womenâs Correctional Institution, Mandaluyong, February 1945
Lita thinks she must be dreaming when sudden frantic screams announce the arrival of US troops. Outside, she sees devastation: Buildings are rubble, and the streets are full of dead Filipino civilians, men, women, and children whom Japanese soldiers massacred in the hours before the Americans arrived. Lita tries unsuccessfully to learn Lonâs whereabouts.
Los BaĂąos Prison Camp, February 1945
Dr. Nance and Eleanor are called to treat a prisoner who was shot (in violation of the Geneva Convention) while trying to come back into the prison with food. Soon, another man is shot and injured while doing the same thing; when Dr. Nance and Eleanor try to treat him, Konishi has the man executed.
At the funeral, David offers news he hopes will encourage Eleanor: The escapee discovered that US forces didnât even know the camp was there, but he successfully sent word to the US Army. Eleanor is upset that it took so long, saying they donât have time to wait. Later, she feels sorry that she didnât thank David for the news.
Santo Tomas Internment Camp, February 1945
Onozaki and his forces retreat, calling it ânegotiation, not surrenderâ (332). Penny seeks news of Charley but canât learn anything. Lita and Reyna arrive with other freed prisoners and immediately ask about the children at Santa Catalina. Penny has no information but introduces them to Newt, newly energized by Army rations.
Santo Tomas Internment Camp, February 1945
Penny and Lita want to go check on the children, but a guard warns them not to enter the city because the Japanese soldiers âseem hell bent on taking as many Filipinos down with them as they canâ (339). With Reyna, the women defy orders and sneak out of camp. Soldiers patrol the streets. Entering through the cellar doors at the back of the convent, they find Sister Cecilia hiding with the children and two other families. They get everyone out just as Japanese soldiers pound on the conventâs front door. Dodging the soldiersâ bullets, they barely make it back to the camp; guards shoot the Japanese soldier pursuing them, and theyâre safe.
Santo Tomas Internment Camp, February 1945
The Army nurses are leaving, and Maude tells Penny that Newt canât go with them. Penny sits Newt down to say goodbye, explaining that her father has come to get her. Newt cries, and Penny gives Newt her gold nugget necklace.
Newtâs father has been fighting alongside the Filipino guerillas and is desperate to find out what happened to her. He thanks Penny for taking care of his daughter. Before leaving, Newt throws herself into Pennyâs arms and whispers that her real name is Ellen, and Penny replies that sheâll always be Newt to her.
Penny bids Lita goodbye, annoyed that MacArthur plans to meet with the nurses to show off the âvulnerable girlsâ the Army rescued; she resents that Lita and the other Filipino nurses wonât get the credit they deserve and that the Army nurses wonât be seen as capable women who continually rescued themselves throughout four years of imprisonment while also providing care to others, including Japanese.
The nurses receive new uniforms and are presented with a âBronze Star for valor and a field promotion of one full rankâ (352). Penny touches the eight of hearts in her new pocket, a reminder that sheâs allowed to hope.
Los BaĂąos Prison Camp, February 1945
Eleanor learns that David was shot while sneaking into camp and runs to him; only Dr. Nance standing between her and the soldiers prevents them from shooting her. As he dies, Eleanor apologizes for not being a better friend, to which he replies she was the best friend and urges her to remember her promise to live.
Eleanor is upset that David took the risk of sneaking out, and Dr. Nance tells her that David did so many times to help feed the children. He says that after their rescue Eleanor must tell Davidâs family about the lives he saved. Eleanor mentions the ditch she saw Konishiâs soldiers digging, worrying that theyâll be executed before theyâre rescued, and Dr. Nance says not to look at it. At Davidâs grave, Eleanor promises him that she wonât give up.
When nearly everyone is suffering from beriberi, Konishi stops providing white rice to the kitchen, instead handing out palay: unhusked (and therefore inedible) rice. Some prisoners eat the rice whole, causing their stomachs to bleed. Peg says that Konishi is finding new ways to kill them, and Eleanor replies that theyâll have to find new ways to survive.
On February 23, US forces and Filipino guerillas liberate them. The nurses and civilians are loaded onto amphibious tractors and taken through enemy territory to the former Bilibid Prison, where Allied forces log them in and feed them. At a Red Cross table, Eleanor receives seven letters from her family, full of positive news about life at home that she reads with growing happiness. Later, she learns that the Japanese had planned to execute the prisoners at Los BaĂąos that afternoon.
Bilibid Prison, March 1945
The mass murder committed by Japanese forcesâ100,000 slain Filipinosâis called the âManila Massacre.â Because of the chaos, records are difficult to find, but Lita looks for Lon at Bilibid. Instead, she finds Dr. Thomson, who tells her that Lon escaped six months ago to connect with the Resistance. Lita then sees Eleanor, who tells her that the Navy nurses are leaving but that theyâll all reunite when Lita goes to the US. However, Lita explains that she decided to stay and care for the orphans; she wants to rebuild her country to provide a better future for its children. She says that one day Eleanor and Penny must return to Manila, when itâs the paradise they remember.
Reyna receives word that her brothers survived and invites Lita to come with her to meet them, telling her that sheâs family now. Lita is pleased to be included but must stay and watch the children. Lon arrives, and they kiss. After they eat dinner with the children and Lita reads them bedtime stories, she tries to tell him that she decided not to go to the US, but he knows: â[Y]ou already found your homeâ (381). Both also know that returning to the Philippines after the war would be too painful for Lon after all he suffered there, so they must part.
Lon shows Lita that he kept all the notes she sent while he was in Bilibid. He says she kept him going, and Lita says he did the same for her. They sit together until she falls asleep in his arms. When she wakes up, he has left her a single one of her notes, which reads, âDonât ever forget the courage and goodness I see in you. Through the hardest of times, even when weâre apart, no matter how far away, know that Iâm with you, foreverâ (383).
San Francisco, California, March 1945
Penny dedicates herself to âthe task assigned them by the United States government: get dolled up and smile for the camerasâ (384). The nurses are given a course of a newly discovered drug: penicillin. They arrive in San Francisco, where reporters and family greet them, but Pennyâs parents arenât there. Maude tells Penny how proud she is of her. When Penny reveals that her enlistment has ended and she isnât going back, Maude hugs Penny while she cries.
Penny stays in California, waiting to give Eleanor John Olsonâs letter. Eleanor reads that he called off his engagement and resigned his post in Silver Lake. Heâs a school principal in St. Paul and is waiting for her to come home, no matter how long it takes. Penny asks Eleanor what sheâll do, and she says she wonât know until she sees him. Both reflect on the people they lost and gained during the war and what they learned from them.
In Texas, Pennyâs parents cared for her house in her absence, which was easier than writing, they say. One day, she returns home with Charleyâs quartermasterâs flag, which she repaired, to find him sitting on her porch. Penny admits that she was going to fly the flag because she hoped it would help him find her. They kiss, and Penny knows she doesnât want to live without him.
Manila, August 1951
Eleanor flies to Manila with John Olson, now her husband, and their toddler son, David. Penny also arrives in Manila, with her parents and Charley, now her husband. They fuss over Penny, who is seven months pregnant. Also with them is Ellen Briscoe (Newt), who has visited Penny every summer since the war ended.
Lita is at home preparing for the arrival of her friends when she receives a letter from Lon telling her that heâs engaged. Lita married Reynaâs brother Cesar, and the news of Lonâs happiness is bittersweet. In Manila, she sometimes struggles with the trauma of remembering the war, but helping rebuild the city helped her too. Lonâs news makes her feel she has come full circle and might be ready to start a family of her own.
As the three women reunite, it feels âas if a lifetime had passedâand somehow no time at allâ (409).
The novelâs resolution supplies a host of climactic and cathartic moments for each of the characters. Things get worse before they get better, and each of them must say a different kind of goodbye. Despite the pain of the last four years, each emerges stronger than before, able to heal from the ordeal physically and emotionally. Through these transformations, the women thematically depict The Impact of Extraordinary Circumstances on Ordinary Lives.
Lita fully comes into her own, no longer the bunso of the family who is always late and indecisive. Her decisive action, endangering herself to rescue Sister Cecilia and the orphans from marauding Japanese soldiers, emphasizes the extent of this change and shows the courage she learned from Lon and Reyna. These connections enabled her to let go of the past: Her forgiving Reyna, in particular, helps her move on from her grief and guilt over her motherâs death. In addition, caring for the children gave her a new perspective, allowing her to understand that her mother forgave her. Litaâs purpose in life has shifted to such an extent that she sees a future in the Philippines. By forgoing the âsafeâ choice to immigrate as her sisters did and instead staying to help rebuild her country, she creates a new family for herself: âWhile she would always be their bunso, she was also a grown woman whoâd seen and endured things they could never fully comprehend, including saving the lives of cherished youngsters who had become her familyâ (374). Her unlikely reunion with Lon, only to have to give up the future she hoped for with him, creates a poignant farewell in which she must reconcile loyalty and grief, reflecting the extent to which her priorities have changed and thematically emphasizing how The Nature of Loyalty, Grief, and Honor can change too.
For Penny, home becomes âa concept she no longer understoodâ (384). She has more difficulty imagining the future; being forced to say goodbye to the child she has come to see as her own shakes her definition of family, as does her parentsâ emotional neglect while they cared for her home. Her disorientation when adapting to life back in the US and her perspective on the honors heaped on the Army nursesâincluding her scathingly sarcastic observation that MacArthur will âthank us in person for our âbrave and noble serviceâ before he sends us home and trots us out in front of the camerasâ (350) largely to honor the men who saved themâthematically explores The Untold Roles of Women in History, specifically in World War II. In addition, her disorientation exemplifies how extraordinary circumstances can change the trajectory of peopleâs lives. The world dramatically differs, and Penny is âbaffledâ by things like commercials and Dick Tracy. Ironically, penicillin, which could have saved many lives in the internment camps, is available to them only after they return home, further illustrating how far removed theyâve been from world developments. Fittingly, Charley Russellâs arrival represents a return to normalcy for Penny, and his keeping his promise reinforces his role as a symbol of stability and certainty in her life.
As the last character liberated, Eleanorâs steadfast dedication to her nursing duties, and the lack of public fanfare when Penny greets her in San Francisco, explores the underrepresentation of womenâs roles in documented history. Her final days as a POW are fraught with tragic loss, but the memories of these losses remain humble and uncelebrated except by those who experienced them. The death of David Mathis, who personified hope for Eleanor, challenges her to rise above their dire circumstances and refuse to accept defeat. Because of his optimism, Eleanor maintains hope, and their brief friendship inspires her even as Konishi moves forward with his plans to execute the prisoners. Like Penny, Eleanor realizes that seeing the best and worst of humanity is âits own kind of wonderful. [âŚ] And the knowledge of this was as beautiful in her mind as the first day of springâ (362). Eleanorâs finally receiving John Olsonâs letter revealing that he steadfastly waited for her since calling off his engagement in 1941, and her subsequent reunion with him at the novelâs conclusion, further develop The Power of Hope and Personal Connection as a theme, showing how these traits can persevere through even the most extreme circumstances.
Happiness pervades the novelâs full-circle Epilogue, in which the characters return to Manila after itâs restored to its former beauty, illustrates the ability of time and love to heal, as each womanâs approach to motherhood and family exemplifies. The womenâs reunion in Manila in 1951 is their final HAM Day in the novel and represents both a connection to the past and an acceptance of the future. Though they canât forget their trauma, the enduring message of their survival stories, happy marriages, and reunion reflects the triumph of hope, loyalty, and love.



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