68 pages 2-hour read

Álvaro Enrigue, Transl. Natasha Wimmer

You Dreamed of Empires

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2024

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Part 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains discussion of graphic violence, sexual violence, sexual content, substance use, cursing, illness, and death.

Part 4: “Cortés’s Dream”

Part 4, Chapter 46 Summary

On the evening before the audience with Moctezuma, Tlilpotonqui, the cihuacoatl and effective mayor of Tenochtitlan, dines at his family’s ancestral home rather than his palace quarters. His son, Tlacaelel, is waiting on the rooftop, overlooking the torchlit city. Tlilpotonqui is quietly relieved to have eaten alone, knowing a shared meal would have required a farewell conversation.


Though vigorous that very morning, Tlilpotonqui now crosses the rooftop burdened by age and dread. He addresses his son as his son—a phrase unused between them for two decades—and touches his cheek. Tlacaelel responds with startled, minimal warmth. Tlilpotonqui tells him they must go to the throne room to receive Moctezuma and the Caxtiltecas (Spaniards).


They walk in silence through deserted streets. Near the lit entrance of the Old Houses of Axayacatl, Tlilpotonqui cannot bring himself to ask whether his son expects Moctezuma to have him killed. Instead, he says he wants to die at a temple of his choosing. Tlacaelel agrees to personally escort him there when the moment comes.


Just before they enter, Tlacaelel stops him, saying that he needs to deliver a message from Moctezuma—it concerns the ant matter. Tlilpotonqui accepts that everything unfolding is his own doing: He named his son after the founder who had turned a small island settlement into an enormous empire, and now events follow accordingly.

Part 4, Chapter 47 Summary

Concurrently, Atotoxtli, the empress and wife of Moctezuma, is being prepared for the audience in her chambers. Her aunt is securing her braided hair with bone clips when she asks why the Spanish captain is called El Malinche. Atotoxtli concludes that the name reflects the fact that every exchange with him is directed in practice at his translator, Malinalli (also called Malintzin), known as La Malinche—the captain has simply been named after her. Satisfied, Atotoxtli takes her mantle and hurries out.

Part 4, Chapter 48 Summary

Cortés is tense waiting to be escorted before Moctezuma. He has dressed in his finest clothes, and Malinalli had done her best beforehand to restore his plumed cap, which was damaged in their travels. Because one of his captains, Caldera, has not returned, Cortés arranges his eight accompanying officers in two uneven rows.


When Tlilpotonqui and Tlacaelel arrive, both are richly dressed and barefoot. After a lengthy formal greeting—which Cortés impatiently cuts short while the translators quietly add courteous flourishes—Tlilpotonqui outlines the audience protocol. All attendees will sit in assigned places, cover their heads with linen cloths, and keep their eyes lowered. Moctezuma enters last; only after he is seated and calls for the captain may Cortés uncover himself and approach.


The final rule is that no one may be armed. Cortés protests that weapons are integral to his soldiers’ dress, but Tlilpotonqui makes clear the rule is not negotiable. When Cortés invokes 500 armed men and over 100 horses inside the palace, Tlilpotonqui responds—without looking at the captain—that the Spaniards remain in the city at Mexica discretion, and 4,000 Eagle Warriors stand ready to defend the emperor. Cortés concedes, dropping his sword belt dramatically to the floor; his men follow. At Tlacaelel’s prompting, Tlilpotonqui also demands the daggers hidden in boots and clothing, which are handed over.

Part 4, Chapter 49 Summary

The blue throne room is dim and nearly silent when the group enters. Tlilpotonqui notes that three of the four elderly councilors are already present alongside the royal family, all veiled. Moctezuma enters in high spirits, still mildly altered from hallucinogenic chocolate consumed at dinner.


He immediately orders Cortés and both translators to remove their veils and approach. Though informally dressed, Moctezuma is physically imposing—taller and more powerfully built than Cortés, despite being nearly two decades older. He introduces those assembled: Tlilpotonqui; his son, Tlacaelel, whom Moctezuma notes he is preparing to inherit his father’s position; the empress Atotoxtli; General Cuauhtemoc; and Tecuixpo, Moctezuma’s daughter and Cuauhtemoc’s wife. Both Cortés and Tlilpotonqui interpret the remark about Tlacaelel’s inheritance as an announcement of Tlilpotonqui’s imminent death, and is Tlilpotonqui is grateful his veil hides his now-pale face.


Moctezuma then signals Malinalli not to translate, allows Tlacaelel to unveil, and asks whether he has explained the song of the ant to his father. He instructs Tlilpotonqui to take a seat on the Council as the successor to the aging councilor He Who Looses the Rain—a demotion framed as advancement. Tlilpotonqui kneels, relieved to keep his life; Moctezuma deflects the gravity of the moment by remarking that he will need allies on the Council once he himself is dead.


Taking his throne, Moctezuma asks what the captain general has come to discuss. Drawing on a dream from that afternoon, Cortés answers: Jesus. He speaks about Christianity at increasing length and fluency, while Moctezuma listens with genuine engagement, drawing parallels between Christ and the Mexica gods Quetzalcoatl and Xipe, and between the Virgin Mary and Tonantzin. The story of Pentecost—the apostles suddenly speaking in languages they had never learned—holds Moctezuma most. He declares they must have been speaking Xleek, a language he says the Mexica also use for sacred occasions. Aguilar translates Xleek as Greek, and Cortés enthusiastically agrees that they were speaking Greek. Moctezuma proposes that he and Cortés communicate directly in this sacred language by sharing a hallucinogen he calls cactus-of-tongues.


He produces two honey-glazed slices. Aguilar tries to caution Cortés, but Malinalli tells the friar to let the captain experience the hallucinogen. When Moctezuma challenges his nerve, Cortés steps forward and eats his piece. The effects arrive quickly: Numbness spreads through his mouth, the room distorts, and Moctezuma appears to transform into a great eagle. In a thunderous voice, Moctezuma orders the hall cleared of everyone except Tlacaelel, who will serve as witness. He tells Cortés not to fear what he is seeing, and commands him to dream.

Part 4, Chapter 50 Summary

Lying on the floor, Cortés moves through a rapid succession of visions from his own past—his mother, early lovers, university, gambling, the sea crossing, Cuba, and finally the massacre at Cholula and that very morning. The visions then fold inward: He finds himself watching himself dream and remembering himself watching himself dreaming in compounding layers until the recursion collapses and he decides he is simply still drunk and should leave. He bids Moctezuma goodbye—speaking Greek without realizing it. Moctezuma tells him that he has heard about Cortés and his men’s misadventure at the temple. He promises that they will go to the temple together in a few days once he settles pressing matters with rival city-states. Cortés walks back to his room, assumes his captains and Malinalli are at dinner, and goes to sleep.


In the coming days, he grows bored waiting for Moctezuma to take him to the temple. The eagle guards mysteriously disappear. Cortés and his retinue discover Axayacatl’s treasure and melt it down. When Moctezuma tries to stop them, they imprison both him and Tlilpotonqui, the latter dying of grief the following day. Cortés’s departs to confront the rival expedition leader, Narváez. He returns with a larger force and, unknowingly, smallpox. Alvarado commits a massacre, triggering an uprising. During the uprising, Alvarado stabs Moctezuma. Cortéz holds Moctezuma’s already dead body over the palace ramparts until the body is hit by a stone, making it look like the emperor was killed by his own subjects. The Spanish are soon forced to retreat, but the tide turns at the Battle of Otumba, where Cortés personally kills Tlacaelel. Tenochtitlan falls on August 13, 1521. The narrative accelerates far into the future, through colonial rule, silver mines, independence, successive wars and leaders—until it arrives at this book and the reader now holding it. At that point, Cortés wakes up to find that he is still in the palace with Moctezuma and Tlacaelel, and everything that has happened since ingesting the cactus-of-tongues was a hallucination.

Part 4, Chapter 51 Summary

Buoyed by the vision’s apparent prophecy of his victory, Cortés stands with new certainty, already thinking of New Spain and permanent fame. He tries to speak to Moctezuma, but the drug’s effect has ended, and the language barrier has returned. Moctezuma claps his hands and says something Cortés does not understand, though Tlacaelel does: “Now, Cuitlahuac” (218).


On the shadowed rear wall, a figure whose body is painted the same deep blue as the stone opens his eyes and steps forward: Cuitlahuac, Moctezuma’s younger brother, who has been hidden there throughout. He approaches Cortés and swiftly and brutally kills him. Moctezuma sends Tlacaelel to fetch his father.


Tlilpotonqui enters to find Cortés dead on the floor. Moctezuma issues his commands: Cuauhtemoc is to deploy the Eagle Warriors; Tlacaelel is to lead the defense against Texcoco and will become the next cihuacoatl once Tlilpotonqui takes the retiring councilor’s seat. Moctezuma forbids the word ant from ever being spoken again in the empire, but he also resolves the mystery of what the many references to the ant have meant all along: “the ant may not talk, but in the end he always shows the way” (219). He orders Cuitlahuac to secure the courtyard where the Spanish horses are stabled, noting that it has only a single guard.


Moctezuma leaves the Old Houses alone and crosses the empty street to his own citadel. Pausing at a sacred spring to splash his face, he hears the Eagle Warriors already converging on the palace—streaming from colleges, temples, and residences throughout the city. He reaches up to straighten his tiara. It remains slightly crooked.

Part 4 Analysis

These final chapters culminate in a rigorous display of Political Power as Theatrical Performance, demonstrating that Moctezuma’s authority is maintained through strict adherence to ceremonial rules. The motif of ritual and protocol dominates the buildup to the audience in the blue throne room, as Tlilpotonqui enforces an elaborate and non-negotiable script upon the Spaniards. Cortés is forced to surrender his sword and daggers, arrange his men in specific seating, and keep his head covered with a linen cloth until Moctezuma commands otherwise. By compelling the conquistadores to adopt Mexica behavioral codes and physically strip themselves of their European martial identity, the court reasserts its dominance. The Spaniards are reduced from threatening invaders to subordinate participants in a performance of Colhua power. This performative subjugation underscores the novel’s broader argument that the confrontation between these two empires is not initially decided by technological superiority, but by mastery over the symbolic language of the stage. The Mexica court, fractured by internal divisions and rebellions such as the one in Texcoco, relies on these meticulous performances to project an image of unshakeable stability, masking the empire’s internal frailties through overwhelming ceremonial authority.


The private rooftop conversation between Tlilpotonqui and his son Tlacaelel reinforces the human cost of this political theater. Tlilpotonqui addresses his son directly for the first time in two decades, expecting to be executed and requesting only that he should die in private. This exchange strips away the grandeur of imperial maneuvering, revealing the personal sacrifices and familial estrangements demanded by statecraft. Tlacaelel’s agreement to honor his father’s final wish gestures toward reconciliation, yet the conversation remains constrained by the formal obligations surrounding them. Tlilpotonqui remarks to himself that his son shows too much emotion, making himself more vulnerable than a person in his position can afford to be: “The future cihuacoatl raised his eyebrows in surprise, or perhaps fear. He had all the emotional training of a trout” (196). The scene underscores that the empire’s survival depends on individuals willing to subordinate personal bonds to the demands of governance, a sacrifice mirrored in Moctezuma’s earlier order to execute his cousin Xochitl for a minor breach of protocol.


The audience with Moctezuma resolves the novel’s exploration of The Slippery Nature of Translation and Communication by collapsing the linguistic barrier through supernatural means, but first, Moctezuma’s reaction to Cortés’s story demonstrates that language is a medium for the exchange of power and ownership as well as information. In telling the story of Spanish empire as a continuous narrative from the birth of Jesus to his own present day, Cortés aims to assimilate the Colhua emperor into the Kingdom of Spain. Instead, Moctezuma assimilates the key figures of this story into his own world, a transfiguration made evident in his alteration of words and names. King Charles becomes “tlatoani Xalx,” and Moctezuma imagines that the two might form an alliance, but only on his terms. Jesus becomes “Xeetzus.” Greek, the language of the apostles, becomes “Xleek,” a vanished language sacred to the Mexica.


The discovery of this shared language, accessible only through the intermediary of a hallucinogenic substance, breaks down the barrier between Cortés and Moctezuma, but at the cost of placing Cortés even more firmly on Moctezuma’s turf. Throughout the narrative, Malinalli and Aguilar have manipulated diplomacy by selectively fabricating and withholding information. Their monopoly on meaning dissolves when Moctezuma offers Cortés the especially potent hallucinogen known as cactus-of-tongues. Malinalli actively encourages this subversion of her own role; switching to Spanish to circumvent Aguilar, she whispers, “Let him do it, let him know how it feels to be fucked in the ass” (210)—a crude utterance suggesting that she knows her promised revenge is at hand. Once the drug takes effect, Cortés is entirely isolated from his linguistic anchors, forced to navigate the emperor’s terrifying esoteric reality without a guide. This shift emphasizes that control over language has been a critical shield for the Spaniards; stripped of their interpreters, they are rendered vulnerable to the profound psychological and cultural forces of the Mexica world.


Under the influence of the cactus, Cortés experiences an accelerating vision that begins with his personal memories—his mother, early lovers, university, the sea crossing, Cuba, the massacre at Cholula—and rapidly projects forward through the actual, historical timeline of Mexico. He dreams of the conquest, the fall of Tenochtitlan, the colonial era, independence, successive wars and leaders, and ultimately “this book and you reading it” (217)—a metafictional gesture that includes the reader in the imaginary world unfolding in Cortés’s imagination. By framing the known historical record—including the very novel the reader holds—as a drug-induced hallucination experienced by a doomed conquistador, the narrative radically asserts The Contingency of Historical Events. The teleological view of European conquest as progress is repositioned as a mere phantom, a nightmare spawned by a specific chemical reaction within a single consciousness. This hallucinatory mechanism allows the novel to step outside the confines of traditional historiography, arguing that the past is a malleable construct subject to interpretation and revision. Rather than presenting the conquest as an inevitable march of progress, the text suggests that recorded history is as subjective and fragile as a temporary, chemically altered state of perception.


The sudden appearance of Cuitlahuac, who has been missing and presumed dead throughout the novel, signals Moctezuma’s vindication. In a stark divergence from the historical record, Cuitlahuac breaks the captain’s jaw and snaps his spine. This abrupt, brutal execution shatters the expectation of a predetermined historical outcome. The swiftness of Cortés’s death, followed immediately by Moctezuma’s command to loose the Eagle Warriors and seize the horses, frames the Spanish expedition not as an unstoppable force, but as a fragile enterprise undone by a single, decisive counterstrategy. The riddle of the ant is finally solved as Moctezuma tells Tlilpotonqui that “the ant may not talk, but in the end he always shows the way” (219). The story is an allegory in which Moctezuma is the ant, and what appeared as weakness was in fact a state of readiness for the decisive action that would secure his people’s future. The horses, previously a symbol of Spanish disruption, are absorbed into the Mexica arsenal—assimilated just as the Mexica have assimilated Spanish words, stories, and mythological figures. Moctezuma’s final gesture—pausing at a sacred spring to splash his face before straightening his slightly crooked tiara—combines mundane self-correction with imperial composure, suggesting that even in triumph, power requires constant, meticulous maintenance. By replacing the familiar tragedy of the fall of Tenochtitlan with a triumphant, calculated ambush, the text asserts that the conquest was never preordained, but rather a chaotic collision of variables that could have easily tipped in an entirely different direction.

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