Life and Fate

Vasily Grossman began writing Life and Fate while Joseph Stalin was still in power, drawing on his experiences as a war correspondent for the Red Army newspaper, Red Star. His intimate knowledge of the front lines, particularly the Battle of Stalingrad, imbues the novel with realism. After submitting the manuscript for publication in 1960, Grossman faced the wrath of the Soviet state. In February 1961, the KGB raided his apartment and confiscated every known copy, carbon paper, and even typewriter ribbons. Grossman claimed that the book itself had been arrested, an extraordinary measure reflecting the official view that its contents were more dangerous than its author. 

This suppression was part of a broader pattern of Soviet censorship against works that challenged the state narrative, such as Boris Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago, which was banned after its publication abroad. Life and Fate survived only through a covert act of resistance. Grossman had hidden two copies, so two microfilms were later made with the help of Andrei Sakharov and Yelena Bonner. The microfilmed copy was smuggled to the West in 1970 by Vladimir Voinovich, an example of tamizdat (publishing abroad), which was an important outlet for censored Soviet literature.