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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of racism and substance use.
The play opens on the Government Well Aboriginal Reserve in 1929. Jimmy Munday, an Aboriginal man, lives in a home with his family: Gran (his mother), Milly Millimurra and her husband (Sam), and the Millimurra children, Joe, Cissie, and David.
David and Cissie play cricket nearby while Sam makes coffee and Joe reads the Centenary issue of The Western Mail. Jimmy is there as well, sharpening an ax. Conditions are difficult for people on the reservations. Through conversations about washing clothes, hygiene, and the requirement for the children to hunt rabbits for supper, it emerges that the family is subject to discrimination and is living in poverty.
In the town of Northam, Frank Brown and Sergeant Carrol are having a discussion. Sergeant Carrol interrogates Frank and accuses him of associating with an Indigenous person. When Brown protests that it isn’t against the law, Carrol says that Jimmie Munday was seen with alcohol and insinuates that Frank sold it to him. Giving alcohol to an Indigenous person is a crime. He tells Frank that if he isn’t careful he could wind up in jail.
Inside, Milly and Gran come to collect rations. They are told that soap is no longer included as a ration item. When Milly protests, Carrol tells her that she is living with three lazy men who are living off of her hard work. She says there is no work for them. She says that Jimmy, her brother who is also an attorney, will protest the change.
As the scene ends, Neville dictates a condescending letter addressing his efforts to “civilize” the Aboriginal Australians.
Back at the camp, Gran and Milly return with their rations. Jimmy is furious when he learns that they will no longer receive soap. He makes various threats about how he will fix the problems by using the law, but no one seems to think his threats are realistic.
Frank comes to the Millimurra-Munday family’s camp to have dinner. They all treat each other well, but it is obvious that the family is not entirely comfortable with him. Their current state is a result of their treatment by white society, of which Frank is a part. Frank gives alcohol to Jimmy and Sam, who have a brief scuffle as the scene ends.
Jimmy and Sam have been arrested for being drunk. The constable and sergeant take their possessions away from them and put them in their cells. Jimmy soon becomes belligerent, yelling and cursing the officials. He kicks a toilet bucket and is told that if he doesn’t settle down he’s going to be in jail for at least six months. An unrepentant Jimmy begins singing loud hymns, despite warnings to stop. He quickly exhausts their patience but there is little they can do to him now that he is incarcerated. The scene ends with Jimmy singing a hymn about not caring about anyone who doesn’t care about him.
At the courthouse, the judge hands down sentences for Jimmy and Sam. Because Jimmy is a repeat offender with alcohol, he is sentenced to three months in prison with hard labor. Frank, the white man who supplied them with alcohol, receives six weeks with hard labor. Sam is ordered to pay a fine because his criminal record is shorter.
The first five scenes demonstrate the ever-worsening plight of the Aboriginal people, as well as hinting at the history between Indigenous Australians and white settlers, both of which introduce the theme of The Violence of Systemic Racism. The play’s Indigenous characters lack even the agency to remain in their homes. Rather, they can be shuffled off to new camps by the stroke of a bureaucrat’s pen. By the time Sam and Jimmy land in jail, the imprisonment has symbolic dimensions: It is apparent that their entire lives have already been spent in confinement.
It is apparent that, even if the Indigenous characters were to follow every rule white society has erected, it would still result in a diminishing of their situation. The play’s exploration of racism thus dovetails with its consideration of The Hypocrisy of Western “Civilization.” Efforts to control the Indigenous population are frequently explained away with reference to improving that population’s circumstances. Besides demonstrating how the ideological justifications for imperialism have persisted into the 20th century, the play shows such justifications to be duplicitous: If “civilization” were truly the goal, the characters would presumably not be denied basic hygiene items like soap. The double standard surrounding alcohol consumption functions similarly, as the implied need to “protect” Indigenous Australians from the “dangers” of alcohol sits awkwardly alongside the assertion that Western culture (alcohol included) is superior.



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