Cleopatra: A Novel

Saara El-Arifi

63 pages 2-hour read

Saara El-Arifi

Cleopatra: A Novel

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2026

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Part 1, Chapters 5-9Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide references graphic violence, sexual content, sexual harassment, and illness or death.

Part 1: “The Witch”

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary

A few days after Pompey’s execution, Cleopatra travels through Alexandria in her litter with her handmaiden, Charmion. Her hands tremble with anxiety over Caesar’s impending arrival. She reflects on her weekly practice of appearing before her people, unlike her father, who maintained distance to reinforce his divinity.


Near the Moon Gate, Cleopatra notices a crowd gathered around a hakawati and decides to walk among them. When the storyteller sees Cleopatra, he prostrates himself; she commands him to continue. He tells the legend of Ptolemy Sōter, who was blessed by the god Serapis with divine power after demonstrating his commitment to Egypt through learning, connecting with the people, and honoring the ancestors.


The storyteller approaches Cleopatra, asks if the gods will save her now, and pulls an ivory blade from his robes. Charmion shoves Cleopatra aside and takes the knife wound across her face. The attacker is swiftly killed, shouting that the gods have forsaken Cleopatra and she is not fit to rule. Using her medical training, Cleopatra stitches Charmion’s cheek, creating what will become a crooked scar. The guard, Ahmose, tells Cleopatra the attack was planned, not opportunistic, and she orders the attacker’s body fed to her lions.


Charmion refuses to keep the dagger, saying she is Cleopatra’s shield and the blade should belong to Cleopatra. Moved, Cleopatra tucks the weapon into her dress as they return to the palace.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary

One season after the assassination attempt, Pothinus arrives at dinner to announce that the Buchis bull—sacred embodiment of the god Montu—has died at Hermonthis, which Cleopatra recognizes as a bad omen. Arsinoe suggests the death is suspicious. Pothinus proposes that Cleopatra travel to Hermonthis to select a new bull while Theos remains in Alexandria. Cleopatra, who has been spreading word that her divine gift is healing—supported by two published volumes on medicinal plants—agrees to the journey. Arsinoe persuades Cleopatra to let her come along.


That evening, Cleopatra secretly slips out of the palace in disguise, taking only an old dress and the ivory dagger on a chain. She navigates a hidden tunnel system to a sea cave and boards a small boat, but is stopped by Ahmose, her head guard, who joins her after she reveals her identity.


On the mainland, disguised as a healer named Selene, Cleopatra treats the sick. At one home, she tends to Apollodorus, a weaver suffering from fever. He briefly awakens and recognizes her as the Queen, but she denies it. After treating several more patients, she and Ahmose return to the palace, and she sleeps beside Charmion, who has shared her bed since the attack.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary

During the journey to Hermonthis aboard her royal barge, Cleopatra reflects on how her lavish appearance compensates for her lack of divine power. Viewing the drought-stricken fields along the Nile, she recalls her father’s words about Egypt’s survival.


A message from the courtier Elena of Syracuse warns that Caesar’s fleet has been sighted. Cleopatra initially decides to return to Alexandria immediately, but Arsinoe uses her bird, Qar, to argue that abandoning the ceremony would offend the gods. Swayed, Cleopatra agrees to complete the ritual.


At the temple, High Priestess Neferu, Cleopatra’s maternal aunt, privately reveals that the previous bull was likely poisoned by an acolyte who disappeared afterward. She gives Cleopatra a coin found in the suspect’s room. Examining it, Cleopatra discovers that while one side bears Theos’s profile, the other shows an eagle, her father’s symbol, instead of her own face—evidence of a treasonous new minting. She hides the coin and her suspicions.


During the selection ceremony, Cleopatra chooses a bull based only on its eyes, receiving no divine guidance. The priests ritually slaughter the unchosen bulls. As Cleopatra touches the hidden coin against her chest, she understands it represents the beginning of her erasure from history.

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary

The morning after the ceremony, Arsinoe returns to the barge drunk and taunts Cleopatra with rumors that the people think her fragile, then sadly confesses that she wants to be noticed. The return voyage is strained, with riverside cities cold and unwelcoming. Charmion confirms that rumors of Cleopatra being forsaken by the gods have spread throughout Egypt.


Cleopatra conceives a plan to open a royal hospital so she can publicly demonstrate her healing abilities. She sends instructions to the librarian, Archibios, to begin the project. Days later, when Qar returns, Arsinoe claims there is no message from Pothinus. A separate pigeon, however, brings a letter from Archibios warning that Theos has recalled armies to Alexandria, where he hosts Caesar as a guest, petitioning Rome to dissolve their father’s will. Cleopatra lies to Arsinoe about the message’s content, then deduces from her sister’s relieved reaction that Arsinoe is part of the conspiracy.


In private, Cleopatra shows Charmion the letter and the treasonous coin, concluding that Pothinus had orchestrated the bull’s death to lure her from the capital. Charmion convinces her they must fight for the throne. Their plan: Get Cleopatra to Caesar unharmed so she can plead her case. Charmion proposes to impersonate Cleopatra when the barge arrives, creating a diversion. Despite Cleopatra’s fear for her safety, Charmion insists the risk is necessary. That night, dressed in simple clothes, Cleopatra prays for Charmion’s protection and dives into the Nile.

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary

Cleopatra struggles in the river current but reaches the bank and walks through the night to Alexandria, arriving at dawn, mud-stained and blistered. At a public well, she overhears women celebrating her ousting. Apollodorus, the weaver she previously healed, defends her reputation. When she falls, he recognizes her and, as soldiers approach, offers to hide her in his home.


There, Cleopatra learns that the soldiers are already searching for her, indicating that Charmion’s diversion was discovered quickly. Apollodorus proposes smuggling her into the palace as his weaving apprentice under the guise of delivering a carpet.


Cleopatra rows them to the palace island of Antirhodos. The harbor is filled with Caesar’s Roman fleet and Theos’s mercenary ships. They dock at the servants’ entrance and pass inspection. Inside, Cleopatra overhears Theos and Pothinus discussing her alleged crimes and her need to atone for the famine. After they pass, she separates from Apollodorus and heads toward her former chambers, now occupied by Caesar.


A Roman guard harasses her in the corridor, but Ahmose intervenes, pretending not to recognize her and allowing her to escape. In the courtyard, Ahmose quietly tells her that Charmion is alive but imprisoned, and that many guards remain loyal to her. After waiting for low tide, Cleopatra enters the secret tunnel to the palace from a sea cave and pushes aside the hollow pillar concealing the passage to her chambers. She steps into the room now occupied by Caesar.

Part 1, Chapters 5-9 Analysis

Cleopatra’s conflict with the hakawati positions storytelling as a battleground for political legitimacy. As Cleopatra moves through the city, a hakawati manipulates a public performance of the dynasty’s founding myth to frame Cleopatra as an illegitimate ruler devoid of divine favor before attempting to assassinate her. The storyteller declares, “The gods have forsaken you. You are powerless and not fit to rule. Only your blood shall purge Egypt of your evil” (55), capitalizing on her lack of supernatural ability to undermine her sovereignty. Following the attack, Pothinus and Cleopatra’s political rivals co-opt this narrative, weaponizing the country’s ongoing drought as proof of the gods’ displeasure with her reign. By the time the royal barge reaches Hermonthis, these rumors permeate the kingdom, illustrating how easily Cleopatra’s opponents manufacture public legend to dismantle a female ruler’s authority. Cleopatra’s struggle highlights the precariousness of her position in a patriarchal society that readily accepts narratives of feminine inadequacy, highlighting Misogyny as a Political Tool in a Patriarchal Society.


Cleopatra’s strategic response introduces her practice of curating counter-mythology, amplifying the text’s thematic focus on The Use of Self-Narration to Combat Historical Erasure. Although she lacks a demonstrable supernatural gift, she utilizes her academic knowledge of medicine to feign one, publishing botanical texts and circulating tales of her miraculous healing abilities through her own network of storytellers. Her decision to construct a royal hospital acts as a calculated theatrical maneuver designed to solidify this constructed image. The absence of a true divine gift forces Cleopatra to rely on political acumen and medical science, prompting her to stitch Charmion’s cheek with a “needle and thread” (56) and treat her people, like the weaver Apollodorus, in secret under the assumed identity of Selene. By authoring her own legend, Cleopatra combats the propaganda of her enemies, demonstrating that political survival requires controlling the stories that circulate about her reign.


The treasonous coin Cleopatra acquires at the religious ceremony in Hermonthis materializes the threat of historical erasure. When High Priestess Neferu privately presents the drachma used to pay the acolyte who poisoned the sacred Buchis bull, Cleopatra notes that an engraving of an eagle has replaced her own profile, leaving her brother Theos as the sole depicted ruler on the coin. This alteration serves as a direct physical manifestation of Pothinus and Arsinoe’s plot to excise Cleopatra from the official Ptolemaic record. In the highly volatile context of mid-first-century BCE Egypt, where political legitimacy heavily relies on divine right and public visibility, removing a pharaoh’s face from the nation’s currency constitutes an act of treason. Recognizing that this altered coin represents the systematic dismantling of her authority and “the erasure of my history” (85), Cleopatra moves to physically reclaim the throne, asserting her own visibility and presence as ruler.


The deteriorating relationship between Cleopatra and Arsinoe illustrates the internal fragility of Ptolemaic Egypt and The Tension Between Personal Empathy and Political Ambition. Throughout the journey to Hermonthis, Arsinoe subtly undermines Cleopatra, taunting her about public rumors of her fragility and expressing a desperate desire to garner attention from the populace. When Cleopatra intercepts Archibios’s pigeon message warning of the uprising, she closely monitors Arsinoe’s reaction to a fabricated version of the letter, a test that confirms her younger sister’s complicity in the rebellion. This betrayal reflects the broader historical context of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, a regime historically characterized by vicious power struggles and frequent patricide. Cleopatra’s realization that she must outmaneuver her own siblings to maintain power forces her to prioritize state security over familial affection.


As Cleopatra initiates her counteroffensive, the narrative employs the device of physical disguise to strip away her royal invulnerability and expose the gendered dangers of her era. To infiltrate Alexandria undetected, she discards her lavish, jewel-encrusted garments and dives into the Nile. Smuggled into the palace complex as a weaving apprentice by Apollodorus, Cleopatra faces overt sexual harassment from a Roman soldier who stops her in the corridor. Without her crown or guards, she momentarily navigates the world as an unprotected female subject in a militarized space. This stark transition from a pharaoh commanding a royal barge to an anonymous woman evading hostile Roman and mercenary forces emphasizes the precariousness of her position.

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