Cleopatra: A Novel

Saara El-Arifi

63 pages 2-hour read

Saara El-Arifi

Cleopatra: A Novel

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2026

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Part 3, Chapters 20-25Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide references graphic violence, sexual content, sexual harassment, death by suicide, illness or death, and animal death.

Part 3: “The Villain”

Part 3, Chapter 20 Summary

In a flashback, Cleopatra recalls Caesar telling her about his capture by pirates near Pharmacusa at 25, and how he insisted they raise his ransom from 20 to 50 talents. Back in the present, Marcus Antonius arrives on horseback with devastating news: Caesar has been killed by conspirators. When Caesarion runs to her, excited to show his father his gladiatorial skills, Cleopatra collapses in grief. Antonius carries her to her chambers, where she falls into a fitful sleep.


When she wakes, Charmion confirms the tragedy. Antonius reveals that Caesar’s will names his great-nephew Octavian as heir, not Caesarion, making the boy a threat to Octavian’s reign. They must flee Rome immediately. As they depart, their litter passes another carrying Calpurnia, Caesar’s wife. The two women share a silent nod of mutual grief.


Back in Alexandria, consumed by sorrow and wine, Cleopatra grows cruel toward her brother, Ptolemy, repeatedly criticizing his prophetic abilities. One morning, slurring her words, she directs him to brew willow bark for a headache. Later, she discovers him dead, poisoned by wolfsbane from her medicine bag. She agonizes over whether she misspoke, he misheard, or her cruelty drove him to death by suicide. She’s left to reign alone.

Part 3, Chapter 21 Summary

Two years pass. Guilt over Ptolemy’s death motivates Cleopatra to abandon wine and resume her medical work. When Antonius requests the four Roman legions stationed in Egypt, she dispatches them under Governor Serapion, a man she has long suspected of sympathizing with her exiled sister, Arsinoe.


Faunus brings her news that Serapion has defected, taking the legions to aid Cassius and Brutus. A letter signed by Arsinoe found at his abandoned estate confirms her sister’s involvement. Furious, Cleopatra orders harsh retaliation but withholds additional forces from Antonius.


After Antonius and Octavian triumph at Philippi, a Roman emissary named Dellius arrives to summon Cleopatra to Tarsus for questioning about Serapion’s betrayal. She dismisses him, demanding Antonius come in person. An exchange of increasingly flirtatious letters follows until Charmion urges her to go to Antonius, noting the summons is merely an excuse to see her. Cleopatra finally agrees.

Part 3, Chapter 22 Summary

Cleopatra and Charmion travel to Tarsus, leaving Caesarion in Egypt. She sails up the Cydnus River on a spectacular ship with silver oars and purple silk canopies, appearing as a goddess to the crowds. She then repeatedly refuses Antonius’s dinner invitations, making him wait to maintain the upper hand just as Caesar always taught her.


On the fifth day at dawn, Antonius emerges from the river wearing only a loincloth and climbs aboard. She summons her staff for a formal meeting despite his state of undress. In negotiations, she dismisses Serapion as a traitor allied with Arsinoe. When Antonius demands she remain Rome’s ally, she counters by requesting he proclaim Caesarion as Caesar’s heir. He refuses, citing the war it would cause with Octavian, then tells her to ask for anything else.


Cleopatra demands he execute Arsinoe. Antonius agrees immediately. In exchange, she agrees to dine with him. Days later, a white ibis feather falls at her feet, and she knows Arsinoe is dead. Overwhelmed by grief and anger, she screams at the sky for the sister she both loved and was forced to destroy. For their dinner, she dresses as Isis but orders her ship to sail for Egypt instead. When Antonius runs after the ship, she calls back to him that he invited Selene, not Isis. Seeing her divine attire, Antonius laughs.

Part 3, Chapter 23 Summary

When a Roman ship approaches Alexandria, Cleopatra fears Octavian has come for Caesarion and prepares for confrontation. The ship belongs to Antonius, who has come alone to claim the dinner she promised. Her lion, Maahes, growls at him as they trade barbed remarks. She agrees but postpones until the Ptolemaia festival in 10 days.


A few days prior, she arranges a garden encounter of flirtatious banter. She jokingly suggests his punishment for a failed compliment should be drowning, so he jumps into a pond and stays under long enough to frighten her. When he surfaces laughing, she pushes him back in.


At the festival, Cleopatra appears in elaborate regalia, riding a chariot driven by Caesarion with Antonius beside them. At the feast that follows, Antonius insists she dance with him, then asks to stay another night. Caesarion interrupts and invites him on their monthly hunting trip.


The next day they go fishing on the Nile and challenge each other to see who can catch the most fish. When Cleopatra notices Antonius’s servant secretly transferring her fish to his bucket, she has Charmion plant a cooked herring in his catch. The trick is exposed and Antonius laughs, conceding that Alexandria is superior to Rome, and asks for a tour the following day.

Part 3, Chapter 24 Summary

Cleopatra gives Antonius a tour of Alexandria, including the new harbor, the Caesareum, and the Hospital of Isis. He is impressed by her healing skills and rapport with citizens, and she confesses she always wished to be a scholar rather than a queen. That evening, he reveals a painful shoulder wound from Philippi. She offers to make a poultice but needs willow bark, and Antonius suggests they go to the market in disguise. Despite Charmion’s security concerns, Cleopatra agrees. She changes into plain clothing while Antonius dons a Greek chiton, taking the names Selene and Helios. They slip out through a secret tunnel and row a small boat to the city.


At the marketplace, Antonius buys a small statue of Isis; when Cleopatra is drawn to a carving of Dionysus, he keeps it and gives her the Isis statue. She leads Antonius to the modest home of Apollodorus, the weaver who previously smuggled her into the palace during Theos’s coup. On the boat back, Antonius remarks she is more benevolent than Roman stories claim. She responds that stories are shaped by those who tell them. The tension between them builds until he cups her chin and challenges her to deny her desire. She kisses him, and they make love on the boat.

Part 3, Chapter 25 Summary

Cleopatra and Antonius begin their love affair, touring Egypt together and spending the harvest season at the Siwa Oasis. One night, a cobra appears before them. Antonius is frightened, but Cleopatra feels a connection with it, viewing it as both blessing and warning.


Antonius reveals that his wife, Fulvia, and brother, Lucius, have raised an army against Octavian in his name, though he refuses to return to join them. The insurgency fails, and Fulvia dies. Antonius never speaks of it but gets drunk the night they hear the news.


Cleopatra becomes pregnant with twins. While Antonius is out one evening, she discovers a letter from Octavian threatening war if he does not return to Rome. She confronts Antonius and devises a plan: He must return and marry Octavian’s recently widowed sister, Octavia, to forge an alliance. Devastated, Antonius agrees on the condition Cleopatra marry him first according to Egyptian custom.


They wed in the Temple of Isis, dressed as Dionysus and Isis, keeping the marriage private. The next morning, he is gone, leaving behind the small carving of Dionysus. Ten days later, she gives birth to twins, Cleopatra Selene and Alexander Helios. She later receives word that Antonius has married Octavia. That night, she hides her jealousy from Charmion but slips alone into the garden pond, sleeping in her wet clothes and private grief.

Part 3, Chapters 20-25 Analysis

The aftermath of Julius Caesar’s assassination forces Cleopatra to navigate the violent realities of Ptolemaic succession, emphasizing The Tension Between Personal Empathy and Political Ambition. Historically, the Ptolemaic Dynasty was defined by vicious power struggles among siblings, a reality Cleopatra engages to secure her son’s future in an increasingly unstable geopolitical climate. Upon returning to Egypt, her cruelty toward her brother, Ptolemy, culminates in his fatal ingestion of wolfsbane. While her brother’s exact intent remains ambiguous—caught between an accident, a miscommunication, or suicide—the political consequence is absolute: She rules alone, eliminating an immediate rival. This ruthless consolidation of power extends to her sister, Arsinoe. Cleopatra demands that Antonius execute Arsinoe, and she feels torn between love and necessity. Giving the order, she notes that “A dagger to the chest would have hurt less,” (243) while also acknowledging the political reality: “She and I could not both have lived. She had proven she could out-manipulate me time and time again, so I knew it would be I who would fall if I did not strike first” (244). Although she grieves her sister, Cleopatra prioritizes state security and her son’s political survival over familial bonds.


Cleopatra’s journey to Tarsus exemplifies her strategy of heavily curating her public image to project absolute, god-like authority. She refuses Antonius’s initial summons and eventually arrives on a silver-oared ship clad in the heavy mantle of Isis, intentionally blending royal opulence with divine iconography. By making Antonius wait and visually asserting her status as a deity, she attempts to level the imbalance of power between vulnerable Egypt and dominant Rome. The burgeoning relationship between Cleopatra and Antonius is complicated by Roman propaganda, reflecting the increasingly blurred lines between the personal and the political in Cleopatra’s life. While her courtship with Antonius includes private moments of genuine connection—such as their excursion into the Alexandrian marketplace disguised as Selene and Helios—their romance is quickly weaponized by Octavian and Cicero in Rome.


The slander leveled against Cleopatra regarding her relationship with Antonius attempts to strip her of her political agency and reduces her calculated alliance-building to a sexual entanglement, illustrating the use of Misogyny as a Political Tool in a Patriarchal Society. Antonius’s political rivals frame his extended stay in Egypt as a descent into degeneracy, attributing his political independence to the manipulative seduction of a foreign queen. When Octavian threatens war over Antonius’s absence, Cleopatra strategically devises a plan for Antonius to return to Rome and marry Octavia. Her willingness to endure a secret marriage in the Temple of Isis while orchestrating Antonius’s public union with her rival highlights her pragmatic, self-sacrificing approach to statecraft.


As hostile narratives gather around her, Cleopatra actively challenges these distortions, underscoring her Use of Self-Narration to Combat Historical Erasure. A decisive moment of this reclamation occurs during her retreat with Antonius at the Siwa Oasis, where they encounter a rearing cobra. While Antonius perceives the creature as a threat, Cleopatra feels an innate connection, viewing the snake as a protective emblem rather than a monster. When she observes that the snake is “no one’s god but her own” (270), she recontextualizes a creature that her Roman enemies consistently use to signify exotic danger. Later, when Antonius expresses surprise at her benevolence toward Apollodorus the weaver, Cleopatra reminds him that public perception depends entirely on the storyteller. She notes that her historical reputation will be shaped by “Romans who wish to discredit me” (266). By acknowledging the mechanics of rumor and mythmaking, Cleopatra highlights the necessity of controlling her own history.

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