Muhammad ibn Abdallah, known as Muhammad, was the founder of Islam, and is viewed by Muslims as the final prophet of God. Born in roughly 570 in Mecca, he lost both of his parents at a very young age and was raised by various members of his father’s family, including his grandfather and uncles. At age 25, he married Khadijah, a wealthy businesswoman and distant cousin who was 15 years his senior. This marriage afforded Muhammad financial stability for the first time in his life, eventually enabling him to devote time to his religious revelations and teachings. In 610, he received his first revelation while at the Cave of Hira in Jabal al-Nour. Muhammad reported that the Angel Gabriel presented the Quran to him, demanding that he read it despite his illiteracy, before eventually reading it to him. Muhammad would continue having revelations until his death in 632, and these would be compiled into the Quran.

As he gained notoriety and followers, the wealthy elite of Mecca came to view Muhammad as a political rival and forced him and his followers into exile. Eventually, they settled in Yathrib and formed a community (