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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of illness, animal death, emotional abuse, and gender discrimination.
In Magic Lessons, the pursuit of love is often a dangerous endeavor that shapes the fates of the Owens women. The novel establishes a clear moral framework around affection through Hannah Owens’s foundational lesson to a young Maria: “Always love someone who will love you back” (12). This simple rule becomes the book’s central thesis on love, contrasting the destructive outcomes of forced, unrequited, or betrayed affection with the redemptive power of a mutual, freely given bond. The narrative argues that while one-sided passion leads to suffering, reciprocal love is the only force capable of true healing and contentment.
The destructive consequences of non-reciprocal love are illustrated through three generations of women. Hannah’s warning is born from her own painful experience; her lover, an earl’s servant, betrayed her during the witch hunts, trading false testimony against her for his freedom. Hannah reflects:
I suppose they made it worth his while to turn against me, for after my trial was over, he was a free man with coins in his purse. He was the one who said I had a tail, and that he’d chopped it off himself so that I might appear to be a woman rather than a witch (23).
Her lover’s affection was conditional and self-serving, leaving Hannah imprisoned and emotionally scarred. Maria’s mother, Rebecca, offers a different kind of cautionary tale. To secure the affection of her husband, Thomas, she used the dangerous Tenth Love Potion to bind him to her. Instead of creating genuine affection, the spell conjured a violent, possessive obsession that she has spent years trying to escape. Her attempt to force love through magic resulted in a curse of her own making. Maria initially fails to heed Hannah’s advice in her infatuation with Hathorne. She mistakes his fleeting desire for genuine love, only to be abandoned and left to face persecution alone. In each case, the absence of reciprocity leads directly to betrayal, violence, and suffering.
In contrast to these destructive relationships, Maria’s bond with Samuel embodies the novel’s ideal of reciprocated love. Their connection isn’t born from a magical spell or a one-sided infatuation but grows from mutual care and respect. It begins when she saves his life from breakbone fever and deepens through shared stories and vulnerability during their voyage. Theirs is a partnership of equals who challenge and support one another. As Samuel’s father, Abraham, says of their bond, “What belonged to you once, will always belong to you. Be grateful if you have walked through the world with another’s heart in your hand” (257). This bond is tested but ultimately proves to be the remedy for the very curse that Maria cast in a moment of heartbreak. In the novel’s climax, Maria saves Samuel from drowning, and he, in turn, has already saved her from the gallows. Their willingness to sacrifice for each other represents the ultimate act of reciprocity. This mutual devotion not only grants them personal happiness but also provides a stable, loving foundation for the next generation of the Owens family, suggesting that true, reciprocal love is the most powerful and restorative magic of all.
In Magic Lessons, Hoffman frames the 17th-century witch hunts as a brutal tool of patriarchal oppression masquerading as religious integrity. The novel argues that accusations of witchcraft were systematically weaponized to suppress and eliminate women who defied societal norms by living independently, possessing specialized knowledge, or asserting their own agency—all of which posed a threat to patriarchal control. In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a woman who could read, heal, own property, or live without a man’s authority was seen as a danger to the established order. The label of “witch” served as a convenient justification for punishing female independence and enforcing conformity through fear and violence.
The narrative repeatedly demonstrates that female literacy and knowledge of natural remedies were considered dangerous and suspicious attributes. Hannah became a target of a witch hunt, in part because she can read and write. The authorities, along with her treacherous lover, twisted her ability to read into an accusation of sending “letters to the devil” (22). Her skill with herbal remedies, which draws women to her for cures that conventional doctors can’t provide, also marks her as an outsider with dangerous powers. The equation of knowledge with dark magic is a recurring element throughout Hoffman’s novel, showing a society where a woman’s intellect was not only discouraged but also actively criminalized. Hannah notes that on the day Matthew Hopkins (the self-proclaimed “witch-finder general” [7]) died,
she’d had a cup of tea on that day, made of a mixture she had blended to give herself courage during these dreadful times when a woman couldn’t walk down the street without fear of being accused of misdoings, especially if a book was found in her belongings, or if she could read and write her own name (8-9).
In this historical context, the very existence of a personal Grimoire, or book of remedies, was a forbidden act, forcing women to hide their accumulated wisdom from a world that would burn it—and them—for daring to possess it.
The persecution extends beyond intellectual pursuits to encompass any form of female autonomy. Women who live outside the direct control of a father or husband are inherently suspect. Hannah’s choice to live alone in a secluded cottage is a form of self-preservation, but her lack of a husband solidifies her reputation as a dangerous figure. When Maria follows a similar path in Salem, her status as an unmarried mother who owns her own land makes her a visible and immediate target. She has no male protector to speak for her, and her self-sufficiency is an affront to men like Hathorne, who represents the rigid Puritan legal system. Her trial and condemnation are fueled by her independent nature and the envious cruelty of a woman who covets her independence and her child. The society depicted in the novel is one where a woman’s worth and safety are tied directly to her submission to a patriarchal structure. By living on their own terms, practicing their craft, and refusing to be silent, the Owens women expose the violent intolerance at the heart of their world.
While Magic Lessons acknowledges the wounds inflicted by injustice, it also argues that seeking revenge leads to a corrosive path that ultimately multiplies suffering rather than resolving it. The desire for retribution is portrayed as an understandable, even righteous, impulse in the face of betrayal and cruelty. However, the novel consistently demonstrates that when this impulse is channeled into dark magic or acts of vengeance, it corrupts the practitioner, creates unintended consequences, and obstructs the path to genuine healing. The journeys of both Maria and Faith illustrate that true strength lies not in destroying one’s enemies but in transcending the hatred they inspire.
Maria’s impulsive attempt to enact vengeance, both for herself and for future generations of her family, initiates the foundational curse on which Hoffman’s series is predicated. In a moment of absolute despair on the gallows, she casts a curse:
She would protect herself and her daughters and all the daughters who might follow from any such betrayals in the future. ‘To any man who ever loves an Owens, let this curse befall you, let your fate lead to disaster, let you be broken in body and soul, and may it be that you never recover’ (209).
This act of vengeance is aimed at Hathorne and the patriarchal system that condemned her, but its power is indiscriminate. The curse becomes a specter that haunts her own future, threatening to destroy her chance at happiness with Samuel, a man with whom she shares a genuine and reciprocal bond. Her attempt to punish the guilty creates a generational obstacle to happiness that generations of her descendance will attempt to overcome. The curse, born of pain, becomes a self-inflicted wound, demonstrating that vengeance is a poison that doesn’t distinguish between the intended target and the person who wields it.
Faith’s pursuit of vengeance results in a loss of self that illustrates the corrupting effects of single-minded pursuing revenge. Scarred by her father’s abandonment and her years of captivity with Martha, Faith turns to The Book of the Raven to master left-handed magic. Her focus on revenge isolates her from her mother and transforms her relationship with the natural world: A baby swallow that she touches turns to ash in her hands, and her beloved familiar, Keeper, is killed when he’s shot by farmers during her vengeful mission. Hoffman positions this loss as the cost of her dark path. Even when she confronts Hathorne, armed with a cursed stew and a blackthorn charm, the moment of triumph feels hollow. Upon seeing his weakness, she realizes that revenge has twisted her “into something she d[oes]n’t wish to be” and chooses to abandon her final, dark curse (370). In the end, both Maria and Faith find resolution by letting go of the need for vengeance and choosing to build a future rooted in healing, knowledge, and love.



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By Alice Hoffman
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