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Jane AustenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Summaries & Analyses
Plot Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Volume 1, Chapters 1-3
Volume 1, Chapters 4-6
Volume 1, Chapters 7-10
Volume 1, Chapters 11-15
Volume 1, Chapters 16-18
Volume 1, Chapters 19-23
Volume 2, Chapters 1-6
Volume 2, Chapters 7-11
Volume 2, Chapters 12-15
Volume 2, Chapters 16-19
Volume 3, Chapters 1-3
Volume 3, Chapters 4-10
Volume 3, Chapters 11-14
Volume 3, Chapters 15-19
Character List
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Book Club Questions
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The next morning, Elizabeth goes for a walk and encounters Darcy, who hands her a letter and walks away. She opens the letter and reads it where she stands.
Darcy begins by assuring her he doesnât intend to propose again. He apologizes for requiring her time, adding that he knows she âwill bestow it unwillinglyâ but that he âdemand[s] it of your justiceâ (185).
He writes that, like everyone else, heâd noticed Bingley was in love with Jane. After hearing a marriage was imminent, he observed them carefully. While Jane was âopen, cheerful, and engagingâ (186), she didnât seem especially interested in Bingley. If Elizabeth disagrees, he writes, he âmust have been in errorâ (186). He admits to hoping they wouldnât marry but insists he did not make decisions based on his hopes. Her familyâs lack of connection was less a concern than their âtotal want of proprietyâ (187). He apologizes for offending her and compliments her and Jane for âconducting yourselves so as to avoid any share of the censureâ (187).
Bingley had been planning to return to Netherfield, but Darcy and Bingleyâs sisters convinced him to stay in London. Darcyâs concerns regarding Janeâs family wouldnât have convinced Bingley to end the relationship had not it been for his more important suggestion that she didnât reciprocate Bingleyâs feelings. Darcyâs only regret is that he hid Janeâs presence in London from Bingley. He apologizes for hurting Jane but not for doing what he thought was right.
Darcy begins his discussion of Wickham by stating that âMr. Wickham is the son of a very respectable manâ (188) who was in charge of the Pemberley estates. Darcyâs father gave Wickham an education and intended to provide him a career in the church. Darcy, unlike his father, noticed âwant of principleâ (189) in Wickham.
In his will, Darcyâs father requested that Darcy ensure Wickham receive his living. When Wickham declined the living in the church and asked that he be paid a sum of money instead, Darcy conceded, knowing Wickham âought not to be a clergymanâ (189). After three years living âa life of idleness and dissipationâ (190), Wickham approached Darcy to request the church living. Darcy refused.
He heard nothing from Wickham until last summer, when Wickham attempted to elope with Darcyâs 15-year-old sister, who believed herself in love; however, Darcy discovered them first. Darcy believes Wickhamâs actions were motivated by his desire for revenge, as well as his sisterâs fortune.
Darcy hopes Elizabeth will âacquit me henceforth of cruelty towards Mr. Wickhamâ (191). He says Colonel Fitzwilliam can verify everything heâs written and that if âyour abhorrence of me should make my assertions valuelessâ (191), she at least should believe his cousin.
Elizabeth, â[w]ith a strong prejudice against everything he might sayâ (192), reads the letter with so much interest she can barely absorb each sentence. She dismisses the claim that he did not know Jane was in love with Bingley and is offended by his assessment of her family. When she reads about what transpired between Darcy and Wickham, she is so shocked she dismisses Darcyâs account of these events as false. However, reading the letter again, she slowly realizes that itâs possible Darcy is blameless.
She thinks about how no one had heard of Wickham before he came to Meryton. Though his appearance and charm âhad established him at once in the possession of every virtue,â she cannot think of any âinstance of goodnessâ that might prove Darcyâs accusations unfounded (194). She recalls her conversation with Wickham at Mrs. Philipsâs house and realizes how inappropriate it was for him to tell such a story to a stranger. Though heâd claimed not to fear Darcy, heâd âavoided the Netherfield ball that very weekâ (195). She now looks at his attachment to Miss King as âsolely and hatefully mercenaryâ (195).
As Elizabeth remembers all this, â[e]very lingering struggleâ to redeem Wickham â[grows] fainterâ (195). Of Darcy, she admits that, âproud and repulsive as were his manners,â she had never âseen any thing that betrayed him to be unprincipled or unjustâ (195). Had Wickhamâs accusations about Darcy been true, the truth would have been widely known, and âsuch an amiable man as Mr. Bingleyâ (196) would not have been so friendly with him.
She is âashamed of herselfâ for having been âblind, partial, prejudiced, absurdâ despite having âalways prided [her]self on [her] discernmentâ (196). It is a âhumiliatingâ but âjustâ realization (196). She states that â[t]ill this moment, [she] never knew [her]selfâ (196).
Darcyâs explanation of his intervention in Bingley and Janeâs relationship now appears very different. Elizabeth believes if Darcy was so reasonable in one case, heâs likely to be reasonable in another, and she remembers Charlotteâs warning that Jane didnât demonstrate enough affection. Darcyâs comments about her family are true, and Elizabeth is âdepressed beyond any thing she [has] ever known beforeâ (197) to consider that her own family had caused Janeâs heartbreak.
Darcy and Colonel Fitzwilliam leave Rosings. Lady Catherine requests the entire Collins party go to Rosings for dinner because she is so sad for their absence. She says that âânobody feels the loss of friends so much as I doââ (198),and that her nephews were sad to leave, too. Elizabeth smiles when she thinks that under different circumstances, she âmight by this time have been presented to her as her future nieceâ (198) and wonders what Lady Catherineâs reaction would have been.
Lady Catherine notices that Elizabeth doesnât seem herself and suggests that if sheâs also sad to leave soon, she should ask her mother if she can stay longer because âthere can be no occasion for your going so soonâ (199). When Elizabeth says she must return home, Lady Catherine insists she and Maria have a servant accompany them, as â[i]t is highly improperâ (199) for them to go themselves. Elizabeth says her uncle is sending someone to go with them.
In the following days, Elizabeth walks alone as much as she is able, so she can âindulge in all the delight of unpleasant recollectionsâ (200); these walks are her âgreatest reliefâ (200). She learns Darcyâs letter by heart. When she thinks of how âshe had condemned and upbraided himâ (200), she feels sympathy for him and gratitude for his affection. She regrets how sheâs acted and is ashamed of âthe unhappy defects of her familyâ (200). Her father refuses to ârestrain the wild giddiness of his youngest daughtersâ (200), choosing to laugh at them, instead; her mother not only refuses to âcheck the imprudenceâ (201) of Kitty and Lydia but encourages it, thus ensuring it will never change. Most troubling to her is that Bingleyâs affection was sincere and that Jane has suffered disappointment through no fault of Bingley himself but because of her family.
Elizabeth dines at Rosings with the Collinses on her final night. Lady Catherine tells Elizabeth and Maria how to pack; back at Hunsford, Maria unpacks and repacks her bag.
On the morning of Elizabethâs departure, Mr. Collins finds her alone and offers heartfelt thanks for visiting their âhumble abode,â which may seem âextremely dull to a young lady like yourselfâ (202). He knows Charlotte appreciates it, and they are âgrateful for the condescensionâ (202). Elizabeth tells him she enjoyed her visit and that she herself is grateful. Mr. Collins expresses his happiness at her happiness and says he feels fortunate that it was âin our power to introduce you to very superior societyâ (202). He hopes she will offer a positive report to those in Hertfordshire, having seen âLady Catherineâs great attentions to Mrs. Collinsâ (203). He also hopes âit does not appear that your friend has drawn an unfortunateâ (203) and that Elizabeth herself finds âequal felicity in marriageâ (203). Elizabeth tells him âwith equal sincerity [âŠ] that she firmly believe[s] and rejoice[s] in his domestic comfortsâ (203).
Charlotte enters the room, and Elizabeth is sorry to leave her âto such societyâ (203); however, she knows Charlotte âhad chosen it with her eyes openâ (203), that she â[does] not seem to ask for compassionâ (203), and that she takes pleasure in her home.
After Mr. Collins assures Elizabeth and Maria that he will pass their gratitude along to Rosings, the two women leave and, a few hours later, arrive at Mr. and Mrs. Gardinerâs house. Elizabeth conceals her news from Jane with effort. She decides to wait until they return to Longbourn, for she isnât sure how much to reveal and is worried that telling what she knows of Bingleyâs feelings âmight only grieve her sister furtherâ (204).
The intimacy of Darcyâs letter enables us to understand not just Darcyâs motivations but also his vulnerabilities and beliefs. For Elizabeth, the letter serves as a catalyst toward self-awareness. She sees her own vulnerabilities for the very first time, ultimately leading her to state that â[t]ill this moment, I never knew myselfâ (196).
In the opening of his letter, Darcy states that he wouldnât prevail on her to read his letterâor on himself to write itâexcept that his âcharacter require[s] itâ (185). However, he does not intend to propose to her again, thinking the previous dayâs scene best forgotten entirely. Unlike Mr. Collins, who refuses to accept Elizabethâs rejection, Darcy does so immediately; his only concern is clearing his name. His letter is, at times, tinged with pain, showing signs that behind Darcyâs reservation lay deep feelings. For example, he suggests heâs aware that Mr. Wickham has been âviolent in his abuse of me to othersâ (190). Similarly, with strong language and emphasis, he writes that if Elizabethâs âabhorrence of me should make my assertions valuelessâ (191), she can hear confirmation of his story from Colonel Fitzwilliam.
Darcy demonstrates rationality and keen perception by âattentivelyâ (186) watching Jane and Bingleyâs behavior, coming to a conclusion of what he believes to be âimpartial convictionâ (187). There is humility in his acknowledgment that he âmust have been in errorâ in regards to Janeâs feelings, deferring to Elizabethâs âsuperior knowledgeâ (186). He apologizes for causing Elizabeth painâfor example, when describing her familyâs âwant of proprietyâ (187) and when disillusioning her about Wickhamâand excuses her for being unaware of Wickhamâs true nature, stating that â[d]etection could not be in your powerâ (191). He demonstrates honesty and maturity in expressing regret for keeping from Bingley the knowledge that Jane was in London but holding âit was done for the bestâ (188). As he does at the Netherfield ball, Darcy also exercises restraint by not insulting Wickham the way Wickham insults him; he relates the events, but no more. Notably absent from his letter is apology for, or even mention of, his haughtiness at the Meryton ballâshown when he tells Bingley, within earshot of Elizabeth, that she is ânot handsome enough to tempt meâ (13).
Elizabeth begins her reading of the letter â[w]ith a strong prejudice against every thing he might sayâ (192) and ends her rumination seeing the flaws in her opinions. She realizes âshe had never felt a wish of enquiringâ about Wickhamâs âreal character,â trusting that his attractive âcountenance, voice, and mannerâ said enough about him, despite her never seeing in him any âtrait of integrity or benevolenceâ (194).
The language Austen employs to describe Elizabethâs deliberation is that of reason and careful measurement: she âexamine[s] the meaning of every sentence,â âweigh[s] every circumstance,â and âdeliberate[s] on the probability of each statementâ (193), putting down and picking up the letter until â[e]very lingering struggle in [Wickhamâs] favour [sic][grows] fainterâ (195). Though she tries to defend Wickham, the facts speak plainly in favor of Darcy, and in parsing out his letter, she comes to realizations about herself, feeling that the âdiscoveryâ of her prejudice and hypocrisy is âhumiliatingâ but âjustâ (196). Her willingness to undergo this painful transformationâto feel âashamed of herselfâ (196) and to acknowledge her flawsâredeems her: in owning her lack of the âdiscernmentâ (196) on which she prides herself, she in fact demonstrates that very discernment.



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