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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of racism, religious discrimination, graphic violence, child abuse, animal death, mental illness, substance use and addiction, suicidal ideation, and death.
Seven years after leaving the evangelical mission, Nenquimo lives on the swampy outskirts of Shell on the oil road. While living in the city, she has accumulated trauma, shame, and secrets she will never share. Her pain is compounded by the recent death of her beloved younger brother, Victor. The family was told that he was poisoned, but no further explanation was given.
Nenquimo is with her older brother, Opi, who left Nemonpare for a scholarship to a university in Quito. However, he dropped out after developing an alcohol addiction. Nenquimo shows Opi a small, muddy plot of land she bought for $2,000—money she saved while teaching at one of the oil company’s schools for Indigenous children. She plans to turn it into a Waorani settlement but lacks the funds to develop it. Opi deems the land “pathetic” compared to the territory that once belonged to the Waorani.
Opi tells Nenquimo he has been working with an American linguist named Connie who is recording the stories of Waorani elders. He suggests she could earn the money she needs by helping Connie. Nenquimo is initially resistant, declaring that she has been “broken” by white people and will no longer follow them. However, Opi persuades her to return to Nemonpare with him and record the stories of the elders.
Nenquimo and Opi arrive in their home village of Nemonpare. She is reunited with her parents, Tiri and Manuela, and her younger siblings, but the homecoming is shadowed by the fresh grief she feels over Victor’s absence. Nenquimo recalls how only Victor knew about what happened to her in Quito and supported her after she attempted to die by suicide. A tense distance remains between Nenquimo and Manuela, who reveals a growing dissatisfaction with traditional life and expresses a desire for tokore (money). Nenquimo attempts to bridge the distance by making chicha with her mother.
Nenquimo and Opi visit the elder, Watora, to record her story of being raised by a jaguar inhabited by the spirit of her grandfather. The session is interrupted by news that peccary have been spotted across the river. Nenquimo is happy to see her father and brother, Emontay, in a canoe hunting the peccary, despite it being Sunday.
On a family trip to hunt turtle eggs, Opi mentions that the government wants to sell Waorani lands to oil companies. They see a plane land while they are hunting. When they return to the village, they learn that government officials visited and had locals sign a paper in exchange for food and promises of anything they want. Opi believes the document is a fraudulent consultation record for oil drilling. This sparks a fierce argument between Nenquimo and her mother, who defends the oil companies, hoping they will bring jobs and money. Angered, Nenquimo decides to leave. That night, her father burns a dollar bill, calling it “cowori sorcery,” and asks his children to tell the oil companies the Waorani do not want them.
Back in town, Nenquimo overhears Kichwa women from the community of Sarayaku discussing the government’s oil auction, known as the Ronda Petrolera, set to take place in Quito. The auction is for the entire south-central Amazon. Nenquimo finds Opi drunk and publicly embarrassing himself. When he finally falls asleep at the table, she turns to the Kichwa women and commits to joining their protest in the capital.
In Quito, Nenquimo joins Alicia Cawilla, another Waorani woman, to protest the oil auction. As Alicia gives an interview to a journalist, Nenquimo impulsively tries to enter the corporate building where the auction is being held but smashes her face into a large glass door. A policeman calls her a “stupid Indian.”
Humiliated, Nenquimo wanders away from the protest and sits alone in a plaza. There, she is recognized by Connie, the American linguist her brother Opi works for. Connie expresses her outrage at the government’s auction and praises Opi’s idea that preserving the Waorani people’s stories is essential to keeping the rainforest alive and resisting the oil companies. She invites Nenquimo to her home to listen to an interview Opi recorded with their father.
At Connie’s house outside Quito, Nenquimo accepts a job transcribing the recorded stories of Waorani elders for a dictionary project. While working, she listens to an interview in which her father laments that the missionary Rachel Saint made their people weak and predicts an inevitable war with the uncontacted Taromenane people.
Soon after, Opi calls with grim news. The Taromenane have killed two Waorani elders, Ömpure and Bogenëi, because they could not fulfill the Taromenane’s impossible demand to turn off the industrial noise of the oil company. Opi fears the company will arm the elders’ family to seek revenge.
Opi’s fears are realized, and he calls to report that a Waorani war party has massacred the Taromenane, capturing two young surviving girls. The night before Opi’s call, Nenquimo saw one of the captured girls in a vision and felt a deep connection with her. She resolves to travel to find the girls, ignoring Opi’s warnings that the military has taken over the region.
Nenquimo travels to the Maxus oil road, sneaking past a military checkpoint to reach the village of Yarentaro. Along the way, she is disturbed to see Waorani women begging for water from a company hose, their traditional sources having been contaminated.
In the village, Nenquimo confronts Kaguime, the son of the slain elders. When he threatens her with a spear, she fearlessly responds that he should attack the oil companies—the true source of their misery. He reluctantly allows her to see the two terrified captive Taromenane girls. The older girl, who is six, describes the massacre of her parents and the other villagers. Nenquimo hugs the girls but is unable to persuade Kaguime to let them go.
Afterward, a Waorani man named Boya, who works for the Repsol oil company as a community relations officer, gives Nenquimo a ride to the town of Coca. At the Hotel Auca, she meets Mitch “Michi” Anderson, a white American writer and activist. Their conversation is interrupted by Boya and Mendoza, an anthropologist on the oil company payroll. Boya mocks Nenquimo’s missionary past and suggests that her accusations toward the oil companies are delusional.
Michi walks Nenquimo back to her hotel. He commends her bravery, tells her he would like to help save the Waorani people, and gives her his phone number.
Nenquimo returns to Connie’s house. Connie guesses that Nenquimo has fallen in love. Nenquimo refuses to acknowledge her feelings about Michi, concluding that she cannot have a relationship with a white man.
Nenquimo returns to the building plot in Shell where there is now a small settlement of her people. She builds a small shack on the plot she reserved for herself. One day Michi calls her, revealing he is working with Opi building water systems for the Waorani. He urges her to join them.
Nenquimo travels to her Granduncle Dabo’s home in the village of Tobeta. On seeing Michi again, Nenquimo realizes she loves him and wants to make chicha for him. Michi explains that he is from California, where most of the oil from the Amazon is shipped. He wants to help Indigenous people because he recognizes his people are destroying their way of life. Dabo reveals that it is no longer safe to go hunting as the Taromenane are furiously searching the forest for their missing girls.
That night, Nenquimo sees a pit viper outside Michi’s tent. She wakes him and urges him to kill it, convinced that it was sent by sorcery. She then tells him to burn the snake’s head in the fire, recalling how her mother did so to send “a message to the spirits” (241).
After they establish the water system, Michi returns to the USA. Nemonte misses him, but he does not return her calls. Months later, Michi calls her, explaining he has been seriously ill. He is now documenting a catastrophic oil spill in the Aguarico River near Lago Agno. Nenquimo agrees to join him.
Nenquimo is horrified to see the Aguarico River black with oil. Emergildo, one of the Kofan people, explains that the oil company gives them a meager supply of groceries as compensation for polluting the river. Emergildo’s wife, Romelia, cries, revealing that her children died because she let them play in the river and unknowingly gave them contaminated water.
Nenquimo and Michi begin a relationship. She tells him she wants to establish a water system for her own people on the Maxus road. When analysis of the water from the Aguarico River comes back negative for contaminants, Michi realizes the labs are “in the pockets of the oil industry” (253).
Nenquimo and Michi attend a yagé ceremony led by the Siekopai shaman Delfin Payaguaje. After consuming ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic plant, Nenquimo has a powerful vision. A jaguar spirit appears, stating that she is “the jaguar’s daughter” (262) and that her destiny is to lead her people against the oil companies.
Accepting this new purpose, Nenquimo travels with Michi to Nemonpare. Her family accepts Michi after he proves his worth by hunting a crocodile with her brother, Emontay. Nenquimo then tells her family about the contamination she witnessed and proposes her vision: to form an alliance between the Waorani and other Indigenous peoples to defend their territories.
This section of the memoir charts Nenquimo’s transformation from a traumatized individual living on the margins of society to a spiritually grounded leader with a clear political mission. Beginning by establishing her deep sense of displacement, the narrative depicts Nenquimo as feeling trapped by the “boa’s tongue” of civilization. The recurring motif underscores how the insidious promises of the modern world have left her with “stains on my spirit” (175). Her purchase of a small, “pathetic” plot of swampy land symbolizes her liminal state—neither fully in the forest nor integrated into town life. This internal conflict manifests in her early attempts at action; her impulsive effort to confront the oil executives in Quito ends in a moment of literal and figurative collision with the invisible barrier of corporate power. This humiliating failure is a necessary catalyst, forcing her to abandon individual, reactive gestures and begin a more deliberate search for a meaningful path.
The narrative’s central symbols and motifs emphasize Nenquimo’s gradual journey back toward her cultural roots. Her insistence on making the traditional fermented drink of chicha with her mother is a conscious step toward healing the rift between their clashing perspectives. The joint activity represents social cohesion and their shared recognition of the powerful role of women in Waorani culture. Nenquimo’s trajectory in these chapters, from alienation to empowerment, culminates in the yagé ceremony, where a vision of a jaguar spirit names her its daughter. This moment symbolizes the awakening of a deeper connection to her ancestors and of her calling as a leader of Indigenous people.
The memoir uses this period to explore the critical function of Storytelling as Cultural Survival. Nenquimo’s work transcribing elder interviews for the linguist Connie becomes a form of healing, reconnecting her to the ancestral knowledge and cultural identity that the mission sought to erase. The narrative then starkly contrasts this restorative storytelling with the weaponized narratives of the colonizers. The oil company anthropologist, Mendoza, dismisses the complex tragedy of the Taromenane massacre as a petty squabble over a “rotten can of tuna” (233), a deliberate falsehood designed to obscure the company’s role in fomenting the violence. This moment exposes how the powerful use simplified, derogatory stories to justify their actions and dehumanize their victims. Nenquimo’s journey involves moving from being a passive recipient of stories—both true and false—to becoming the author of a new one. Her own lived experiences of witnessing contamination and confronting injustice become the foundation for a new political narrative of pan-Indigenous resistance.
These chapters illustrate how Extractivism as Cultural Erasure operates by exploiting and exacerbating internal community divisions. The narrative establishes that the Waorani people’s battle involves more than a conflict with the outside world. It also encompasses a painful struggle within the community itself. Manuela’s yearning for tokore (money) and defense of the oil companies as a source of employment show how she and others are seduced by the Deceptive Lure of Civilization. This ideological fissure, which leads to a confrontation between mother and daughter, demonstrates the corrosive effect of a cash economy on traditional values. Boya, a Waorani man working as a “community relations officer” for Repsol, embodies the complete co-optation of an individual by corporate interests. His active participation in spreading company propaganda and publicly shaming Nenquimo demonstrates how the industry creates collaborators who police their own people. This internal fracturing is contrasted with the quiet resistance of Tiri when he burns a dollar bill, identifying it as the source of “cowori sorcery” (197) that has afflicted his people. The memoir thus argues that the most insidious power of the “boa’s tongue” is its ability to conquer by breeding dependency and turning community members against one another.
Nenquimo’s political consciousness solidifies through her engagement with other Indigenous nations, leading her to the foundational strategy of a cross-tribal alliance. Her work with the Kofan, Siona, and Siekopai peoples provides a visceral education in the long-term consequences of oil extraction—a destructive future her own community in Nemonpare has yet to fully experience. Witnessing the contaminated Aguarico River and the grief of families like Emergildo’s, who lost children to the pollution, shifts the problem from an abstract threat to a tangible reality. The discovery that the laboratory falsified water test results further clarifies the systemic nature of the corruption they face. This shared struggle against a common enemy forges a solidarity that transcends historic tribal boundaries. The collaborative work of building rainwater harvesting systems becomes a political act of reclaiming autonomy and collectively resisting the dependency fostered by the oil companies. Nenquimo’s proposal to “form an alliance between our peoples” (275) is the political synthesis of her spiritual vision and her worldly experience. The decision transforms the personal mandate from the jaguar spirit into a concrete strategy for collective action.



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