Soldiers and Kings: Survival and Hope in the World of Human Smuggling

Jason De León

Soldiers and Kings: Survival and Hope in the World of Human Smuggling

Jason De León
66 pages2-hour read
Nonfiction
Book
Adult
Published in 2024

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Character List

Meet the key characters, with insights into their roles, motivations, and relationships—spoiler-free.

Major Characters

Jason is an anthropologist and researcher conducting immersive fieldwork on the Mexican migrant trail. Coming from a background as an Army brat and punk rocker, he relies on a method of deep hanging out to understand the daily lives of low-level guides. He struggles with the ethical boundaries of his profession, frequently feeling complicit as he observes the severe poverty and cartel violence dictating his subjects' lives.

Key Relationships

Research Subject of Chino

Subject of Flaco

Protective Guide of Kingston

Research Subject of Santos

Chino is a young Honduran guide operating on the dangerous Mexican train tracks. Raised by his grandmother after his mother abandoned him, he turned to gang life following severe family tragedies. Though he exhibits a hardened, reckless persona shaped by trauma, he deeply desires to escape the violent smuggling industry and find legitimate work.

Key Relationships

Research Subject of Jason De León

Romantic Interest of Jesmyn

Partner of Santos

Older Sister of Marina

Deceased Brother of Miguel

Grandmother of Luz

Stepfather of Wilson

Wary Subordinate of Sombra

Kingston is a formidable Garifuna smuggler and former member of the Bloods gang in New York. Orphaned at a young age and forcibly conscripted as a child soldier in Honduras, his entire life is marked by severe institutional trauma. He relies on his imposing physical presence and military discipline to survive the racial discrimination and cartel violence targeting Black migrants on the trail.

Key Relationships

Protective Guide of Jason De León

Crew Member of Snoop

Friend of Chuy

Subordinate to Priest

Fellow Member with Andy

Flaco is a loud, charismatic Honduran smuggler with MS-13 affiliations. After serving time in a California prison and accepting deportation, he leverages his experience to run a profitable, mid-level smuggling operation. He justifies his illicit work as a necessary sacrifice to provide for his family, though his actions frequently contradict his professed moral code.

Key Relationships

Subject of Jason De León

Crew Boss of Acid

Client of Jorge

Veteran Crewmate of Pirate

Santos is a gentle-hearted Honduran smuggler who stands out for maintaining ethical boundaries in a ruthless industry. Having survived kidnapping and torture by the Zetas cartel as a teenager, he partners with Chino to guide migrants. He views his involvement in the illicit economy as a temporary necessity and longs to return to honest construction work.

Key Relationships

Partner of Chino

Older Brother of Marvin

Target of Spider

Research Subject of Jason De León

Jesmyn is a fiercely independent 20-year-old Honduran woman who defies stereotypes of vulnerable female migrants. After a powerful gang member stalked her relentlessly back home, she fled to Mexico where she moves through the tracks on her own terms. Her street smarts and refusal to show fear earn her respect among the guides.

Key Relationships

Romantic Interest of Chino

Grandmother of Ramona

Biological Father of Oscar

Stalker of Smiley

Guide of Shadow

Supporting Characters

Papo is a deported young man from Honduras struggling to survive on the margins of the smuggling economy. Haunted by gang violence in his home country and a failed attempt to build a life in Texas, he operates as a street-level broker near the tracks in Pakal-Ná. He dreams of escaping the constant fear of cartel reprisals to live a normal life with his family.

Key Relationships

Partner of Alma

Stepdaughter of Dulce

Research Subject of Jason De León

Alma is a resourceful mother who fled extreme extortion and domestic violence in Honduras to protect her family. Operating in Pakal-Ná, she makes difficult moral compromises to ensure her survival, including gathering intelligence for local gang enforcers. Her primary motivation is to build a stable life so she can reunite with her older daughter.

Key Relationships

Partner of Papo

Infant Daughter of Dulce

Older Daughter of Gaby

Informant for Payaso

Marina is Chino's older sister who remains in Honduras. She bears the emotional burden of their family's tragic history of poverty and violence, serving as a vital link to Chino's past and worrying constantly about his safety on the migrant trail.

Key Relationships

Older Sister of Chino

Deceased Brother of Miguel

Marvin is Santos's older brother and a decorated former soldier in the Honduran military. Following their father's death, Marvin stepped in as a surrogate parent and remains fiercely protective of his younger sibling, utilizing his military discipline to survive.

Key Relationships

Older Brother of Santos

Bin Laden is a smuggler operating on the train tracks near Pakal-Ná. Deeply embedded in the rough, illicit activities of the local crews, he pressures other guides to participate in robbing vulnerable migrants.

Key Relationships

Fellow Guide with Chino

Companion of The Breadman

The Breadman is a smuggler associated with the crews in Pakal-Ná. He operates in the same social circles as Chino and Santos, contributing to the perilous and unpredictable environment of the rail yards.

Key Relationships

Fellow Guide with Chino

Companion of Bin Laden

Payaso is a frightening MS-13 enforcer who controls the local illicit economy. He spends his time knitting while ensuring all guides and passing migrants pay their required extortion fees to the gang.

Key Relationships

Informant for Alma

Acid is a bisexual soldier working within Flaco's smuggling operation. He endures homophobic mockery from his hypermasculine peers to maintain his position and protection within the harsh gang hierarchy.

Key Relationships

Crew Boss of Flaco

Jorge is a young Honduran migrant traveling with Flaco's crew. Having lost his father to gang violence back home, he places his complete trust in the veteran smugglers to deliver him safely across the border.

Key Relationships

Client of Flaco

Sombra is an older MS-13 smuggler with an aggressive and controlling demeanor. He commands authority on the tracks and demands strict obedience from the younger guides, prioritizing his own illicit side operations.

Key Relationships

Subordinate Guide to Chino

Oscar is Jesmyn's biological father, who was raised as her brother due to their family's fluid kinship arrangements in Honduras. A charismatic and religious youth, his commitment to honesty in the face of local corruption proved disastrous.

Key Relationships

Daughter of Jesmyn

Smiley is a powerful gang member in Honduras who develops a dangerous obsession with Jesmyn. He stalks her relentlessly, forcing her into self-imposed house arrest before she finally flees the country.

Key Relationships

Target of Jesmyn

Dulce is Alma's young daughter, who travels the treacherous migrant trail. She symbolizes the vulnerable lives caught up in the border crisis as her parents try to shield her from the surrounding violence.

Key Relationships

Mother of Alma

Stepfather to Papo

Spider is a local MS-13 leader in Honduras who targets young men for recruitment. He issues a lethal ultimatum to Santos, forcing the young man to choose between joining the gang or fleeing for his life.

Key Relationships

Target of Santos