The sunflower is an evolving symbol that represents Ukrainian national identity, the innocence of the past, and the painful process of reconciling with traumatic memory. In the historical timeline, sunflowers form the backdrop of Katya’s idyllic childhood, most notably as the central element of the “sunflower palace” where she and Alina share their dreams. At her cousin’s wedding, the flowers are part of a vivid, hopeful landscape, symbolizing a rich culture and a bright future that is about to be decimated. However, as the Holodomor inflicts unimaginable loss, the sunflower transforms from a symbol of joy into a painful reminder of all that has been taken. For the elder Katya (Bobby), the flowers become so intertwined with the loss of her sister and her homeland that she cannot bear to plant them, telling her daughter Anna that “they made her too sad” (10). This avoidance demonstrates how trauma can poison even the most beautiful memories.

The sunflower’s symbolic meaning is ultimately redeemed in the present-day narrative, facilitating a connection across generations. Birdie’s innocent fascination with sunflowers, expressed through her drawings, acts as an unconscious trigger for Bobby’s repressed grief, forcing a confrontation with her past.