55 pages • 1-hour read
Norman MailerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Content Warning: This section includes discussion of graphic violence, death, racism, and gender discrimination.
The officers are relaxing on the beach. Dove and Conn talk about attending parties back in Washington. When Conn realizes Hearn’s father is an important Midwest businessman, he becomes ingratiating. Hearn despises them all.
Dove talks with their translator, Wakara, who is Japanese American and enlisted in the Army to get out of the relocation camps. Wakara reflects on the journal he found on the body of a dead Japanese soldier. The entries questioned the meaning of his life. Wakara thinks wistfully of his visits to Japan in his youth. Dalleson insists that the photographer take a picture of him shooting at pebbles in the sky, using up the last of his roll of film.
Recon is assigned to work on building the road and gets assigned a ration of beer. Wyman gives part of his to Red. Red is reluctant to get friendly with the young man, who is glum because the girl he likes hasn’t written to him. Ridges gets a letter from his father. Wilson’s wife sends him a scolding letter saying she is entitled to the money he’s earning. Gallagher looks over his mail, including letters from his wife, Mary. He always imagines that what she’s writing about just took place, rather than being long ago. A stack of mail arrives for Hennessey, and the clerks mark it for return, thinking briefly of Hennessey’s parents.
Gallagher is called to see the chaplain, who tells him Mary died in childbirth. Gallagher is stunned. The Time Machine section that follows, titled “The Revolutionary Reversed” (266), looks at Gallagher’s background growing up in South Boston. His father was abusive to his mother and he and young Roy fought regularly. He always feels that other people get breaks, but not him. He gets involved with politics and the anti-Communist movement but doesn’t advance as he wants. He meets Mary, who is small and gentle. He shouts at her one night and makes her cry.
Gallagher is devastated by news of his wife’s death, and the men try to be sympathetic. He continues to get letters from his wife and feels like she’s not really dead. He has trouble focusing. The chaplain looks into getting him a furlough, but the Red Cross investigates and finds the child is being cared for by Mary’s parents. Gallagher reads his wife’s last letter, written right before she gave birth, and is shaken. He sees a giant kelp washed up on the beach, and it horrifies him. He weeps. Roth feels pity for Gallagher, even though he thinks the man has a chip on his shoulder. Roth, too, sees the kelp, and it gives him a sense of gloom. Minetta complains to Polack about being stuck in the Army. Stanley, who is a corporal now, jokes with Brown, less deferential than he was before. He tells Brown about an accounting scam he ran at the business where he worked.
Croft, who is walking the fringe of jungle along the beach, suddenly fires into the jungle. Shots are returned, and Stanley panics. Minetta is wounded in the leg by a bullet. Brown reflects that he’s never going to stop believing he could be shot at any moment until he is back in the States. Stanley feels a vague oppressive horror.
Cummings fears that his troops have gotten lethargic. When he visits the front lines, he sees the men have improved their bivouacs. He thinks if they’ve bedded down, they’re less willing to fight. He is frustrated that his campaign is going sour. Hearn hates his job as the General’s aide, which reduces him to nitpicking with Clellan, the orderly who cleans and brings fresh flowers to the General’s tent.
The General gives Hearn a list of supplies to gather from one of the freighters anchored offshore. The officer in charge of supplies refuses to give Hearn everything on his list, so Hearn bribes a seaman to give him the supplies and boats away before the officer can catch him. He realizes the General is making him behave in ways he hates and resents the General all the more. He leaves a cigarette butt on the spotless floor of the General’s tent in revenge.
On the front lines, Cummings confronts a sergeant who filed a false patrol report. When he sees the cigarette ash on his tent floor, he is furious: “To Cummings it was a symbol of the independence of his troops, their resistance to him” (318). He calls Hearn into his tent and gives him another lecture on political philosophy and power. Hearn decides that the General’s deepest wish is for omnipotence, and he despises the man. The General says he’ll court-martial Hearn unless he picks up the cigarette butt. Hearn, though he is furious with himself for giving in, does so, then immediately asks for a transfer to another division.
The Time Machine section features Robert Hearn and is labeled “The Addled Womb” (328). It begins with a description of the city where Bill Hearn has built his house and runs his business. Robert is sent to a day school where he learns how to fight. He graduates from his academy, dates, and goes to college. In one class, a professor discusses kelp. He decides to be a literature major and writes short stories. He works his way through college, but when he shows interest in a communist organization, he’s told he has a bourgeois mentality. He gets a job as a junior editor in New York and dates more women. He is irritated by his visits back home to Chicago and feels like he is bored and waiting. He enlists in the Army a month before Pearl Harbor and remembers looking at the Golden Gate Bridge as he shipped out.
Minetta is sent to the field hospital, where it is comfortable and the tent stays dry when it rains. He doesn’t want to go back to his platoon. He tries opening his wound again, but the doctor still insists he is well enough to return. Minetta decides to pretend he is hallucinating that he sees Japanese soldiers. He is sent to the tent with the most serious cases and given a sedative when he screams.
One night, severely injured men are brought in, and Minetta can hear one of them wheezing for air. The next morning the man is dead, and there is a sheet over his body. Minetta decides he wants out of the hospital, so acts as if he’s recovered. The doctor says if he tries any tricks like that again, he’ll have him court-martialed. Minetta is furious and resents all officers, but he rejoins the platoon.
Red, whose kidneys are paining him, asks Wilson to come with him to visit the medic. The medic gives Red some wound tablets and dismisses him. Red, too, thinks the Army doesn’t care about the actual men. Wilson is told he needs to have an operation to cure the advance of a sexually transmitted disease. He doesn’t want an operation.
The Time Machine section labeled “The Invincible” (373) describes Wilson as a child growing up in the South. He enjoys sex and fixing things. One day he wakes up married to Alice. The day after their child is born, he asks her for money and goes out drinking, then sleeps with her best friend. Alice complains that he gave her a sexually transmitted disease, but Wilson believes he can simply take a dose of what he calls pyridin. He buys his daughter, May, a doll.
Hearn is transferred to Dalleson’s section and Cummings plans his assault on the Toyaku Line. He wishes he could have naval support. He wants to land in Botoi Bay and attack the Line from the rear as well as the front. Major Dalleson enjoys planning the logistics side of things. He came from a poor family, joined the Army during the Depression, and was promoted quickly. As a Major, though, he finds it more challenging to deal with officers, and he does not feel fully qualified for his job. However, he is loyal and determined to do his work well. Dalleson does not like or trust Hearn, whom he thinks is insolent. The General does not feel his punishment of Hearn has had enough of an effect.
Dalleson suggests that the recon unit needs an officer. Hearn is on duty that night and thinks about political philosophy and Cummings’s descriptions of the push to power. He resents the General all the more. Hearn takes a patrol report, and Dalleson scolds him for not keeping the report records up to date. He is scolding Hearn when General Cummings enters the tent. Cummings wants Hearn to take a map off the wall. Hearn drops the map while handing it to him, and the General is angry. Cummings knows he will have to get rid of Hearn. He devises a plan to have a platoon land on the south side of the island, cross the Watamai mountain range, and attack the Japanese outpost holding Botoi Bay. He knows he will need reconnaissance first. He realizes Hearn is about to be transferred to that unit but tells himself Hearn can do the job, and if a dozen men are killed, it’s no real setback for his plans.
The Time Machine section, labeled “A Peculiarly American Statement” (403), looks at General Cummings’s formation. His father, Cyrus Cummings, was important in his town. He hated that his wife was letting young Edward do things like paint and sew. He sends Edward to military school when he is 10, and after that West Point. Edward is drawn to the town of Boston and his cousin, Margaret. He learns that there are levels of doing things: The level of objective truth, and then the level of appearances. He is mocked at West Point for his approach to strategy and marries Margaret before he is deployed to France during World War I. He goes to the front once and watches an attack with curious observation. He feels exalted by the power of command. His marriage to Margaret sours even as he is consistently promoted. He is sent to Europe again on diplomatic assignments engineered by Margaret’s brother, Minot. He conducts negotiations in France, then visits Rome. Minot informs him that Margaret is behaving questionably back home.
In the Chorus section, “What is a Million-Dollar Wound?” (428), Gallagher, Wilson, Stanley, and Martinez discuss what kind of wound, like Toglio’s elbow, can get you discharged.
This section continues to examine how life in the Army reflects The Erosion of Moral Agency in War, from life as an officer in the General’s command to the resentments and challenges of the enlisted men. The enlisted men believe that their commanders don’t value their lives, often wrestling with a fear of mortality and a sense of dissonance when they compare their present lives in the Army to their lives back home. The backstories of several of the protagonists, despite their different upbringings and experiences, show them with similar strivings for ambition, comfort, admiration, or security. These backstories emphasize their shared humanity as well as the danger of mortality that confronts them all. Their sense of entrapment and dissatisfaction with their current situation and the indifference of their superiors speaks to how the men often feel helpless, forced to carry out duties even when they no longer understand the point of what they are doing.
With the campaign in a lull, these chapters study the rhythms of daily life for the men, which include daily meals, rotations in labor details, and getting mail. Most of these experiences quickly become routine, despite the strangeness of their surroundings. The improved bivouacs that the General hates show how the men are trying to adapt to life on Anopopei. Their petty arguments and discussions, along with the ways they confide in and depend on one another, show how they are forced to get along as a unit, even if their personalities are very different. Their connections to their ordinary lives back home come in the form of letters, with the concerns of home still occupying them, like Wilson’s marital problems, Roth’s fatherhood, or Goldstein’s career ambitions.
Wakara’s discovery of the Japanese soldier’s journal speaks to The Dehumanizing Impacts of Violence by showing how both sides of the conflict are traumatized by their experiences even while their violent tasks require them to see each other as less human. Wakara, like Hearn, is one of the men who feels most like an outsider. As a Japanese American, he is helpful to the army as a translator, but his mention of the relocation camps where his family has been interned highlights the discrimination inflicted by the US on its own citizens during wartime. Wakara’s thoughts about the camps imply that he may be working with the Army in the hopes of helping keep his family free from suspicion and further persecution back home. Meanwhile, the Japanese soldier’s written reflections on his imminent death mirror the fears of many of the men on the Allied side, who also struggle with their fears of death and physical vulnerability before each battle.
Minetta’s experience in the field hospital illustrates both the monotony and the terror of death that they all feel. Minetta gambles that he might be sent home and spared if he pretends to be mentally traumatized, but witnessing the death of the wounded soldier provokes a sense of horror that changes his mind. There is a sense of safety in the comradeship and even the monotony that helps keep the fear of death at bay. The enormous kelp that is washed ashore, which both Gallagher and Roth contemplate at different moments, points to the inevitability of death. It also symbolizes how enormous and monstrous death can seem even when it is considered a part of nature.
These chapters also continue the contrast between the concerns of the officers during wartime and the concerns of the enlisted men, reflecting The Performance of Masculinity and Dominance. The scene of the officers relaxing on the beach, while the enlisted men are working on labor details or fetching supplies, reveals how hierarchy and domination dictate all aspects of life in the Army. While the enlisted men’s concerns are their health and well-being, as illustrated by Red and Wilson visiting the sick bay, the officers behave as if they are at a country club, with Dalleson wasting ammunition and film on his own entertainment. Hearn, who is an officer but who identifies with the enlisted men, is a captive audience for the General to expound on political philosophy and his own theories of power.
The General’s theories play out in his approach to strategy in planning the campaign. General Cummings sees the men as a resource that he can deploy at an acceptable level of risk. Even more distanced are the calculations of Major Dalleson, who thinks of everything in terms of logistical supply. This adds to Mailer’s depiction of the Army as a flawed machine, run by flawed men, nearly as hostile and implacable as the natural forces of the island itself.



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