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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of graphic violence, death, and animal death.
The narrator provides a brief history of humanity’s interstellar expansion. The first human civilization discovered worlds like the living planet Nod and the uninhabited planet that would become known as Kern’s World, which they terraformed. After this civilization destroyed itself, evolved jumping spiders called Portiids rose to prominence on Kern’s World. This first age of human expansion ended due to civil unrest on Earth, when a group of anti-terraforming activists unleashed a radio code which shut down many of the colonialist space ventures. In spite of this, the colonists around Nod and Kern’s world seeded a virus onto the terraforming projects which jumpstarted the evolutionary process, leading to the development of intelligent spider and octopus based lifeforms.
Much later, a second wave of humans escaped a poisoned Earth and arrived at Kern’s World, where they made a tense peace with the Portiids and allied with Avrana Kern, the pioneer of terraforming technology who had become an AI through a process of transformation. This process ended with her being replicated by the Portiids on mainframe networks composed of living ants. Together, they explored the worlds of Nod and Damascus, the latter home to the evolved species of Octopus. Nod, in contrast, had been home to a parasite-like alien lifeform which was able to take over living hosts and turn them into a part of the parasitical living network of organisms. The explorers reached a détente with Nod’s native microbial culture, transforming its relationship with the universe from parasitic to symbiotic. The narrator reveals they are an Interlocutor, a small part of this Nodan collective organism. Currently, they inhabit a grown body and a copied persona of a Human explorer named Miranda, who willingly allowed her mind to be archived so as to allow herself to explore more of the universe. While the original Miranda may still be alive, this version exists as a living memory, continuing her mission beyond the limits of her single human form.
The Miranda entity discusses the challenges of inhabiting a purpose-grown body, which can cause psychological fractures if it does not perfectly match the copied persona. The crew of their small exploration vessel, the Skipper, is introduced. This crew includes the Portiid spiders Portia, her partner Fabian, and their superior Bianca (each of these Portiids is part of a biological lineage, all members of which share the same name); an Octopus named Paul; and Jodry, the only true Human, who came as a team with Bianca and fears and distrusts the Nodan entity. The ship’s final crewmember is a splintered-off version of the artificial intelligence version of Avrana Kern.
The Skipper is orbiting a planet called Rourke, which is inhabited by a species of intelligent crow-like birds (Corvids). A flashback recounts a tense first contact on the planet’s surface, where the birds used advanced tools to deconstruct the crew’s shuttle. After Kern accessed Rourke’s unsecured computer systems and provided schematics, the Corvids perfectly rebuilt the vessel. Kern remains uncertain whether the birds possess consciousness in any recognizable form.
The history of Avrana Kern is provided, tracing her transformation from a human scientist into a disembodied AI who now manifests as a hologram. A shuttle arrives from Rourke carrying two Corvid ambassadors, who introduce themselves as Gothi and Gethli. The planet is a time capsule, its databases preserving vast amounts of information from the original human terraformers, though its Corvid inhabitants show little evidence of a complex civilization. Miranda is assigned the responsibility of managing their new guests because she is the Interlocutor—the polyglot who understands every mode of communication—and because invading the birds’ systems without consent is forbidden. Upon entering the Skipper, Gothi and Gethli immediately begin inspecting the ship with a predatory curiosity. They quickly locate the vessel’s organics printer and start dismantling it, forcing Kern to begin constructing a replacement as the crew prepares for departure.
The Corvids, Gothi and Gethli, continue to deconstruct and reassemble ship components, learning about their surroundings by taking everything apart and then piecing back together, often in new and improved fashion. Miranda finds their answers to be robotic and unhelpful. On Kern’s advice, she simply talks to them about herself and her Nodan nature. The birds begin communicating by parroting and altering her speech patterns, revealing through Gothi’s statement that Renee Pepper, one of Rourke’s original terraformers, “made” (105) them and was very fond of them, though she did not know what they would become. They demonstrate their advanced intellect by dismantling a hibernation pod and then building a superior, two-person replacement for themselves. With the crew ready for their journey to a newly rediscovered terraforming site, everyone enters hibernation. The Miranda entity is decanted from its host body and its collective consciousness is stored for the trip.
The narrative shifts to the planet Imir, returning to the story of a young woman named Liff in the struggling colony of Landfall. At a tense Council meeting, leaders discuss dwindling food supplies, a beetle infestation, and raids by mysterious masked figures known as Seccers. Liff’s Uncle Molder, now a councilman, stokes paranoia by suggesting the Seccers have spies in the community. An old woman, the Widow Blisk, is ejected after shouting about another mysterious group called the Watchers. Liff notices that her teacher, Miranda, is the only person present who does not react with guilt at the mention of the Watchers. The colony is clearly in a state of ecological collapse, with forests dying and pests swarming. When her family’s tractor breaks down, Liff’s father sends her to town to find Miranda’s mechanic friend Fabian for help.
The perspective switches to Miranda, who is living undercover in Landfall with her crewmates Portia, Fabian, and Paul. They are posing as refugees from a failed outlying farm. The town’s paranoia is escalating and local militiamen intimidate Miranda on the street, questioning her cover story. During a discussion of the growing danger, Miranda is genuinely disoriented when Portia mentions returning to their farm. She is suddenly uncertain whether Portia has actually been maintaining a real farm all along or whether she is using a figure of speech. Miranda is unable to resolve this by reading the others’ body language, as she knows that these are not their real bodies. Data gathered by Paul’s children confirms the planet’s ecosystem is collapsing. The team debates the ethics of intervening in the situation at Landfall, with Miranda arguing that they should preserve the local culture while Portia advocates for a complete societal reset. Later, Miranda witnesses militiamen beating Paul and destroying his artwork. When she intervenes, she is also struck. The incident solidifies their status as hated outsiders and Miranda guides the injured Paul away, uncertain of what to do.
Liff leaves her farm and ventures into the dying woods to find the entity known as the Witch. She is met by two black birds, Gothi and Gethli, who transform into their human shapes and lead her to a cave. There, she meets the Witch, a tall, pale woman in strange clothes. The Witch is annoyed by Liff’s presence but reveals she is looking for a lost “survey team” (147) that her two associates, Gothi and Gethli, have been unable to locate.
Liff, believing the Witch is holding her long-dead ancestor Captain Holt captive, demands his release. The Witch is enraged by this and demonstrates her power by effortlessly bending an iron nail which Liff, believing in her book of fairy tales, hoped would ward off the Witch. Realizing the Witch is searching for Miranda and her friends, Liff refuses to betray them. She throws a handful of grains onto the Witch’s polished stone mirror at the cave mouth, again trusting in the stories she read as a child. Instead of the Witch, Gothi drops to her knees and begins frantically pecking at the seed, saying “We need to catalogue the changes” (154). Liff escapes by following the stream away from the cave.
Miranda, Portia, Fabian, and Paul argue one last time about how to address the colony’s collapse. The following day, a mob led by the militia storms their house, having already captured and beaten Fabian. They blame the group for a recent raid and accuse them of being Seccers. Paul and Miranda are also seized. Portia returns and attempts a rescue: arriving with two militia rifles, she shoots dead the man holding Fabian’s left arm and the man gripping Miranda’s shoulder, then uses knives. Despite her skill, she is shot in the shoulder and subdued. The mob takes all four crew members to the center of town to be publicly hanged from the branches of a landmark known as the First Tree, long dead.
Liff arrives in Landfall to find a mob gathered for a public execution. Her Uncle Molder forces her onto the wooden platform to witness the event, telling her it is necessary to save the colony from outsiders, even though the real raiders are members of the community who have turned violent. Liff watches in horror as Portia, Fabian, Paul, and Miranda are brought forward with nooses. Before being gagged, Miranda shouts that she and her friends can save the dying colony. Mr. Gembel, a broad, sour councilman, denounces them as Seccer spies, and the four are pushed from the platform. As they hang, Paul’s body contorts in a physically impossible way, stretching and compressing until he slips free from his bonds and the noose. While the crowd screams in terror, Paul’s children also transform and move to help him. Liff then sees Miranda undergoing an even more horrific transformation.
Gothi and Gethli observe the chaos of the lynching and engage in a detached, philosophical dialogue about their own nature, concluding that they are not truly sentient but are more like complex, non-conscious analytical machines or “very complicated parrots” (172). Gothi’s function is to recall data, which is then analyzed by Gethli. They refer to their superior, the Witch, as Herself and acknowledge that by arriving too late to prevent the violence, they may have to start their analysis from scratch. The consequence, they note, will anger Herself considerably. Unconcerned by the events, they resolve to continue observing and cataloging new information to report back.
Parts 3 and 4 establish the novel’s central philosophical questions by juxtaposing two distinct forms of non-human consciousness. The Nodan Interlocutor, inhabiting the persona of Miranda, introduces itself as a plural entity, stating, “although we tend to interact with our fellow crew and the universe as a succession of ‘I’s, we are at heart a ‘we’” (81). This collective consciousness successfully performs the role of a singular individual, its identity a functional, voluntary construct, but one which acknowledges and draws attention the ways in which its inherent self-identity differs from those around it. This concept is mirrored and inverted by the Corvids, Gothi and Gethli, who possess individual bodies and names yet deny their own inner lives, concluding they are merely “very complicated parrots” (172), mimicking intelligent behavior as parrots mimic sounds around them in a way that can seem like speech. Kern’s initial suspicion that they are a “biological Eliza” (106)—a reference to a chatbot designed to pass the Turing Test without genuine understanding—is seemingly vindicated by the birds’ own self-assessment. Together, these species embody the theme of The Nature of Consciousness, challenging the assumption that consciousness is a prerequisite for complex, goal-oriented action. Miranda’s collective mind and the Corvids’ programmed intellect exist on a spectrum that decouples thought from a traditional, singular self, forcing the reader to question whether sophisticated simulation is functionally different from authentic sentience.
A structural division between Part 3 and Part 4 highlights the gap between the explorers’ theoretical mission and the brutal reality of their fieldwork. With its title playing on ideas taken from Norse legends, Part 3, THE WORLD TREE, is a sweeping, almost mythological history narrated by the dispassionate, god-like Nodan collective, providing a cosmic overview of species and civilizations. It establishes the crew’s grand purpose: to seek out “every possibility of life and sentience” (83). The narrative then abruptly shifts in Part 4, MERE ANARCHY IS LOOSED, the title of which is a reference to a line in W. B. Yeat’s apocalyptic poem “The Second Coming.” As Yeats describes the end of the world as an allegory for the collapse of cultural traditions, the narrative of Landfall delves into the limited, ground-level perspectives of Miranda and Liff as they navigate the squalor and paranoia of a collapsing society. This structural choice creates a powerful dramatic irony, as the reader is aware of the crew’s true nature and benevolent intentions while the colonists of Imir, including Liff, remain unsure of the outsiders’ true intentions. The transition from a detached, historical chronicle to an immediate, visceral struggle emphasizes the deep difficulty of applying abstract ethical principles in a chaotic and hostile environment, revealing how quickly a mission of discovery can devolve into a fight for survival.
The crew’s internal debate over how to approach the dying colony on Imir becomes a direct case study in the novel’s theme of The Ethics of Covert Intervention. Miranda argues for preserving the local culture, fearing that overt assistance will destroy its unique identity, while Portia sees this society as a “broken system” (155) that must be dismantled to save the people within it. The narrative demonstrates that even their most passive observation is a form of interference. By adopting the disguise of refugees from a failed farm, they unwittingly cast themselves in a role the paranoid colonists are already primed to scapegoat. Their presence does not create the town’s xenophobia, but it does serve accidently as a catalyst, providing a tangible focus for long-standing fears about outsiders. The escalating violence—the beating of Paul, the destruction of his art, and the crew’s near execution—is the direct consequence of their cover story being too convincing. They become victims of the social decay they intended to study, proving that a truly neutral observation is impossible.
Faced with an ecological collapse they cannot comprehend, the leaders of Landfall turn to mythmaking and scapegoating as a form of social control. The theme of Narrative Control Over History is on full display at the Council meeting, where Liff’s Uncle Molder deflects from failing harvests and beetle plagues by insinuating that spies live among them. This creates a simple, convenient enemy—the Seccers—to blame for complex systemic failures. This manufactured narrative allows the new ruling faction to consolidate power through paranoia rather than by addressing the colony’s real problems. The public hanging of the Skipper’s crew serves as the ritual to solidify this fiction. Councilman Gembel’s declaration that the execution is “proof that the Seccers are here with us” (167) is a performative act, transforming innocent outsiders into the villains his story requires, all while shifting blame from those in the community who are actually responsible. The colony chooses to embrace a violent, comforting lie over a difficult truth, illustrating how societies can self-destruct by sacrificing reality for a more palatable narrative.
Liff’s journey into the woods introduces the Witch in the cave, a figure who complicates the narrative by revealing the presence of another, more coercive group of observers on Imir. The Witch is a demonstration of how advanced science can be perceived as magic by a less-advanced culture. She is a being of immense power, yet Liff confronts her with fairytale logic, brandishing an iron nail as a ward, only for the Witch to bend it effortlessly while declaring, “I am iron” (149). Instead of a magical artifact, the Witch’s “mirror” (146) is actually a polished stone covered in complex scientific notation, further blending the mythic with the technological. This dynamic is continued when Gothi is compelled to stop and catalogue the grains Liff throws, an action that appears to be a magical curse but is actually an expression of her core analytical programming. Liff’s encounter reveals that Landfall is a contested space, caught between Miranda’s ethically conflicted team and a rival faction with a more ruthless agenda and unknown goals.



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By Adrian Tchaikovsky