The Same Backward as Forward

Jennifer Lynn Barnes

47 pages 1-hour read

Jennifer Lynn Barnes

The Same Backward as Forward

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2025

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Part 1, Chapters 1-13Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, addiction, graphic violence, physical abuse, and substance use.

Part 1: “Hannah”

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary

Twenty-year-old Hannah tries to make herself invisible and unseen to the world but is constantly drawn into drama and the limelight by her younger sister, Kaylie. Hannah is in nursing school and plans to take Kaylie away from their criminal family and the town of Rockaway when Kaylie turns 18.


Hannah goes to a bar and finds Kaylie dancing on a pool table as three young men from out of town play pool. She tries to convince Kaylie to leave, but Kaylie is having too much fun. She asks Hannah to dance with her, but Hannah refuses. One of the men, with dark hair and green eyes (later identified as Toby), notices Hannah and asks if he’ll see her around and “set the world on fire” together (6). Hannah doesn’t respond but knows she doesn’t want to see him again. On the way home, Kaylie admits that she stole Toby’s wallet, but Hannah doesn’t want to know what she found out from it. She leaves her sister near their family home, not wanting to be seen by her other relatives.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary

Hannah distracts herself in her apartment by folding paper into tiny squares. In the middle of the night, her mother and cousin Rory show up and demand that Hannah stitch Rory’s face. He claims that three privileged-looking men beat him up, and Hannah suspects that they must be from the nearby Hawthorne Island, owned by a billionaire with one son: Tobias. Hannah treats Rory, but her mother is cold toward her, and Hannah is cold in return. When they leave, Hannah suspects that they’ll be back.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary

Hannah goes out to an old lighthouse every two weeks. She loves the isolation and brings groceries to Jackson, the lighthouse keeper. Jackson is even surlier than Hannah, which is why she understands him. He tells her that a storm is coming, and later, Hannah sees lightning near the mansion on Hawthorne Island. Suddenly, an explosion goes off, setting the whole place aflame.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary

Jackson appears at Hannah’s door for the first time ever, clearly in distress. He asks Hannah to come with him back to his shack near the lighthouse, where the only survivor of the explosion awaits treatment. Jackson found him in the water and saved him; he is certain no one else survived. He insists that Hannah not call the police because he believes the survivor is responsible for the fire and knows that Hannah’s family will come after him. When Hannah hears that her sister was at the mansion when it exploded, everything changes.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary

Hannah knows she has an obligation to help but wishes that she didn’t. She feels angry and believes that Toby is responsible for her sister’s death. She finds Toby on the floor of the shack, covered in burns and blood. Jackson provides a bag of medical supplies, and Hannah does what she can to treat Toby. She notices that his face is unharmed and wonders how that is possible.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary

Hannah leaves Jackson with some brief instructions and no intention of returning. She sets her mind on reaching the island, whether her sister is alive or dead. Before going out there, Hannah stops at her family home, where she finds her father alone. He hits her and blames her for Kaylie’s death but then hugs her and tells her to leave. Hannah manages to convince one of the men at the bar to take her out to the island, but the Coast Guard forces them back and declares that there were no survivors.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary

Hannah tries to go in for a shift at the hospital but is told to go home and grieve instead. She decides to go to the lighthouse to find out if Toby is alive. She finds him lying on the floor, alive but in pain. Hannah relishes his suffering and tells herself that he deserves it for what happened to Kaylie. She treats his wounds, but as she does so, she thinks about how much she hates him. Toby wakes up briefly and asks Hannah to let him die, but Hannah would rather that he live with what he did.

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary

Hannah stays for three days, and when Toby finally wakes up, he doesn’t remember who he is or what happened. Jackson tells him his name is “Harry,” and Toby can only recall vague personality traits, like being a troublemaker. He asks Hannah her name and points out that it’s a palindrome. He also seems to enjoy the pain relievers a little too much.

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary

On day four, it becomes clear that Toby may live. His wounds remain uninfected, but Hannah suspects neurological damage that may affect his body as well. She offers to go out for more supplies, adding that she plans to stay away from Rockaway Watch.

Part 1, Chapter 10 Summary

Hannah continues treating Toby’s burns. When Toby looks at Hannah with pity, Hannah starts to feel like a patient herself. Toby is in severe pain but manages to point out Hannah’s habit of building castles with sugar packets. He asks if she believes in fairy tales, and she answers that she believes in villains. She wonders, though, which of them will be the villain in this story.

Part 1, Chapter 11 Summary

Hannah goes to get more supplies. When she comes back, she finds Toby (now referred to as Harry) sitting up and drinking whiskey. Jackson says that they ran out of medication. Seeing this irritates Hannah, and she leaves.

Part 1, Chapter 12 Summary

Hannah goes back to her apartment and finds a note from her mother asking her to come to the house at 8:00 pm for Kaylie’s wake. Hannah wears a gray shirt and jeans and, like her mother, hides her grief from the family. Hearing her mother speak of Kaylie’s death makes it feel more real. Hannah goes down to the den, where she finds several of her cousins. There, Hannah discovers a newspaper that blames Kaylie for the fire. Everyone toasts Kaylie, and Hannah finds a way to slip out. She thinks about how easy it would be to leave town now that Kaylie is gone but finds herself returning to the shack and to Toby instead.

Part 1, Chapter 13 Summary

Hannah returns to find Jackson inebriated and Toby asleep. She thinks about how Kaylie is being blamed for the explosion and how much she hates Toby for it. When Toby starts writhing in his sleep, Hannah attempts to calm him and wake him up. Moments later, Toby is reciting palindromes, and Hannah knows that he’s taunting her.

Part 1, Chapters 1-13 Analysis

The opening exposition establishes the novel’s tense and mysterious atmosphere. In particular, Hannah’s estrangement from her family, which she reveals is involved in crime, implies the danger of life in the town of Rockaway Watch. Hannah’s protectiveness of Kaylie further heightens the tension, as does her mother and cousin’s cold, invasive presence when Rory is beaten.


Hannah initially strives to remain invisible and apart from drama by focusing on nursing school and protecting Kaylie until she turns 18: “No weakness. No rebellion. No emotion at all” (11). In this, she embodies the theme of Inheritance and the Choice to Be Different. However, her emphasis on the suppression of all emotion highlights the cost of disengaging in this way. The use of first-person narration underscores this point, centering Hannah’s internal thoughts and emotional responses and characterizing her through her voice. Her short, choppy sentences convey the high stress and immediacy of the situations in which she finds herself, but their bluntness also suggests the fragmentation and alienation that define her inner world: “His pulse was racing. A jolt cut through my body with every beat. I held a hand over his mouth. He was breathing” (23). Moreover, early foreshadowing indicates that her efforts to disappear will prove futile. When Toby states, “We could have a little fun, set the world on fire” (6), the novel hints at the impending disaster on Hawthorne Island and the way it will “ignite” Hannah’s life.


In the meantime, Hannah finds solace in the abandoned lighthouse, which she describes as “a liminal space between here and there” (15-16). Her words point to the lighthouse’s symbolic role in her life, which is similarly in flux; the lighthouse mirrors her emotional experience while also gesturing toward something beyond it. It is also tied to the novel’s use of ocean imagery to emphasize unpredictability and danger. For example, following her confrontation with her father regarding Kaylie’s death, Hannah observes: “I ended up on the shore, where the ocean crashed into the rocks, sending an explosion of sea spray into the air. The sky was no longer storm black. The haze over the ocean could almost have passed for fog, but I knew it for what it was. Smoke” (31). This imagery blends natural and human-made danger, underscoring how the ocean mirrors the narrative’s interpersonal drama. In this context, the fact that Hannah experiences the ocean as both soothing and threatening speaks to her own inner conflict.


Hannah’s relationship with Toby quickly becomes a key driver of this conflict. Hannah initially treats Toby’s wounds out of obligation despite her anger, noting, “I peeled back the dressing back from his wounds. I hate you” (35). The juxtaposition of an apparently caring action with Hannah’s bitter internal monologue helps establish the enemies-to-lovers dynamic that shapes the couple’s relationship. Sure enough, hints of romance, as well as of Hannah’s compassion, soon emerge as she tends to Toby. Toby’s loss of his memory facilitates this dynamic; he is in some sense no longer the person who set the fire, and this transformation anticipates the novel’s exploration of How Love Reshapes Identity. At the same time, Hannah also senses an underlying similarity. Both characters share pain that they attempt to numb or hide: “I didn’t see pain there. I saw fury and devastation and more. For a single moment in time, it was like looking in a mirror” (60). This trauma, rooted in their respective family dynamics, helps draw them together.


Two motifs associated with the relationship reinforce the suggestion that Toby and Hannah are more alike than they seem. Toby notices Hannah building sugar packet castles and asks if she believes in fairy tales; she replies that she “believes in villains” (10). The comment reflects the novel’s debt to the dark romance genre, which often foregoes happily-ever-afters and other fairy-tale-like conventions of traditional romance. However, it is not only Toby who deviates from the romantic archetype; Hannah contemplates whether she or Toby is the “villain” in their dynamic, implying that she is not a conventional romance heroine. The word game motif, and in particular the use of palindromes, function similarly. Toby calls Hannah “the Same Backward As Forward” (41). The reference to the title resonates in multiple ways, one of which is to draw attention to the novel’s broader use of mirroring—including between Hannah and Toby.

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