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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, racism, and gender discrimination.
Elisabeth is the novel’s protagonist, a 32-year-old casual-contract junior lecturer in London. As a round and dynamic character, she embodies the precarity and disillusionment of her generation. Her professional life is unstable, and her personal life is unsettled, still living in the same apartment she rented as a student. Elisabeth’s intellectual curiosity is the defining trait of her character, driving her friendship with Daniel Gluck, as well as her academic interest in the forgotten British pop artist Pauline Boty. This pursuit places her in direct opposition to the patriarchal establishment, represented by her dismissive male tutor, and aligns her with the novel’s argument for Art as a Subversive Record. Elisabeth’s mind is sharp and associative; she constantly draws connections between art, history, and the bleak political landscape of post-referendum Britain, seeking a framework to understand a world that feels increasingly incoherent.
The emotional core of Elisabeth’s life is her deep, lifelong friendship with Daniel. This relationship, which began in her childhood, transcends conventional categories of age and companionship. She is his most loyal visitor at the care home and becomes his de facto next of kin, fiercely protecting his dignity. Their bond is built on a shared language of stories, wordplay, and a mutual appreciation for looking at the world from an unconventional angle. Daniel has served as her primary mentor, shaping her intellectual and emotional development by teaching her to question established narratives and find wonder in the everyday. Her dedication to reading to him, even as he lies unresponsive in an extended “sleep period,” is proof of her belief in the power of connection and narrative to sustain life, even at its very end.
Elisabeth serves as the primary lens through which the reader experiences the fractured, hostile environment of modern Britain. Her repeated, absurd struggles at the Post Office to get a passport photo approved symbolize the arbitrary and dehumanizing nature of a state obsessed with control and categorization. She witnesses xenophobic abuse in a taxi queue and confronts the literal and symbolic manifestation of national division in the high-security fence erected on common land. These experiences fuel her sense of alienation and her feeling that dialogue has been replaced by aggression. While she’s often weary and disheartened by the political climate, her persistence in caring for Daniel and her intellectual engagement with art represent quiet acts of resistance against the prevailing despair.
Daniel is Elisabeth’s mentor, a 101-year-old songwriter and the emotional anchor of the story. A round character, his presence is defined by a rich inner life that contrasts sharply with his physical state in a care home. Much of his character is revealed through his vivid, non-linear dreams and memories, which transport him to different eras of his life, from the 1940s to the 1960s. These internal sequences are the novel’s primary vehicle for exploring The Fluidity of Time and Memory, presenting the past as a living, breathing part of the present. Daniel’s consciousness drifts between his current state of near-death and moments of intense, youthful experience, blurring the lines between what is, what was, and what is imagined.
As a mentor for Elisabeth, Daniel is a keeper of stories and a purveyor of alternative histories. He’s the source of the novel’s knowledge about Pauline Boty, whose vivid art he champions as an essential, joyful force. His personal memories of his sister, of witnessing injustices in the courtroom during the Profumo Affair, and of the rising threat of fascism in his youth provide a historical depth and a humane counternarrative to the simplistic, divisive rhetoric of the present. He teaches Elisabeth that stories are a means of creating the world, an idea that empowers her to challenge the dominant, pessimistic narrative of her time. His playful games, like Bagatelle, are lessons in creativity and empathy, encouraging Elisabeth to imagine different outcomes and grant even the most seemingly powerless characters a choice.
Despite the hardships he has witnessed and his current physical changes, Daniel’s defining qualities are his wit, gentleness, and lasting hope. His love of wordplay and puns is an embodiment of his philosophical stance, a way of finding flexibility and new meaning in a world that often appears rigid and bleak. He tells Elisabeth that his name means that he’s “lucky and happy” and that he will survive being thrown into a pit of lions (51), a description that encapsulates his resilient and optimistic spirit. Through his kindness and his unwavering belief in the power of art and human connection, Daniel shows a form of humanism and decency that stands in stark opposition to the anger and cynicism of the novel’s contemporary setting.
Wendy is a significant supporting character who undergoes a notable transformation, developing from a cynical and somewhat detached figure into a passionate activist. Initially, her relationship with Elisabeth is strained; she expresses a weary exasperation with her daughter’s life choices and her deep attachment to Daniel. Wendy’s perspective often shows a more conventional, pragmatic worldview. She’s suspicious of Daniel’s influence and views his friendship with her young daughter as “unnatural.” Her early interactions are marked by a sense of resignation and a tendency toward melodrama, complaining that no one in her village speaks to her. Evidently, she feels disconnected from the world around her.
The political turmoil following the Brexit referendum acts as a catalyst for her change. Her initial response is one of exhaustion and despair, as she tells Elisabeth, “I’m tired of the news. I’m tired of the way it makes things spectacular that aren’t, and deals so simplistically with what’s truly appalling” (56). However, this fatigue evolves into righteous anger. Her budding romance with Zoe further fuels this change, providing her with solidarity and joy. Wendy’s arc culminates in an act of direct protest when she throws a barometer at the new security fence, shorting its electrical circuit and getting herself arrested. This moment marks her transition from passive discontent to active rebellion, as she finds a new purpose in bombarding the symbols of division with “the artefacts of less cruel and more philanthropic times” (255). Her journey shows that political awakening and personal renewal are possible at any age.
Boty is a real-life historical figure who is a central symbolic presence in the novel, embodying the theme of Art as a Subversive Record. Though she’s deceased and never appears as a character in the present day, her art, life, and spirit are resurrected through Daniel’s memories and Elisabeth’s doctoral research. As the only female British pop artist to contribute to the founding of the movement, her relative obscurity in the official, male-dominated art historical canon represents the systemic erasure of female creativity and alternative perspectives. Elisabeth’s fight to have her work recognized by her university tutor is a microcosm of the larger struggle to reclaim forgotten and marginalized histories.
Boty’s art itself is portrayed as a vivid, joyful, and politically potent force. Daniel’s descriptions and Elisabeth’s analysis reveal work that is sensual, witty, and critical of the establishment. Her paintings and collages, such as Scandal 63 and It’s a Man’s World I & II, re-contextualize public events and media images, offering a distinctly female perspective on a world shaped by men. The energy of her work, which Elisabeth believes can blast “the tragic stuff that happens to us all into space” (239), is a powerful antidote to the bleakness and cynicism of 2016. Boty represents the lasting power of art to create joy, critique power, and preserve a more humane and complex version of history.
Zoe is a warm and spirited minor character who enters the narrative as Wendy’s new friend and, eventually, romantic partner. A former child actor who is now a psychoanalyst, Zoe provides an important spark of joy and solidarity in Wendy’s life. She’s a catalyst for Wendy’s transformation, encouraging her rebellion and sharing her sense of humor and outrage at the political climate. Zoe is immediately friendly and accepting toward Elisabeth, and her easy-going, insightful nature helps to mend some of the fractures in the mother-daughter relationship. She represents the possibility of finding unexpected love and companionship late in life, and her presence emphasizes the novel’s theme of forming new connections as a means of surviving divisive times.



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