Autumn: A Novel

Ali Smith

Autumn: A Novel

Ali Smith
54 pages1-hour read
Fiction
Novel
Adult
Published in 2016

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Part 2, Chapters 20-25Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of illness, death, animal death, racism, and gender discrimination.

Part 2, Chapter 20 Summary

The narrative recalls Elisabeth’s past romantic relationships, all of which were affected by her pre-existing love for someone else. At 16, she liked a boy named Mark Joseph; they kissed, and three weeks later, when he asked why she didn’t love him, she said her heart was already taken. At 18, she had a physical relationship with a girl at college, Marielle Simi. When Marielle wanted more, Elisabeth admitted that while she enjoyed their time together, she couldn’t lie about being in love, as she already loved another person in a non-physical way.


When Elisabeth was 21, her boyfriend of six years, Tom MacFarlane, asked who “Daniel” was, explaining that she often said the name in her sleep. Elisabeth identified him as Mr. Gluck, an old neighbor from her childhood. A final memory shows Elisabeth at 14 with Daniel. As an autumn storm approaches, he wordlessly directs her attention to a part of the landscape still lit by the summer sun.

Part 2, Chapter 21 Summary

In February 2003, 18-year-old Elisabeth discovers an exhibition catalogue for Pauline Boty, a female British pop artist from the 1960s. This contradicts her college tutor, who had insisted that no such artist of any worth existed. The catalogue details Boty’s vivid life and tragic death from cancer at 28 after she refused an abortion, which meant she couldn’t have radiotherapy. 


At the British Library, Elisabeth finds a 1964 Vogue interview where Boty discusses the difficulty of being seen as both beautiful and intelligent. Elisabeth shows the book to her tutor, who dismisses Boty’s work as derivative, though he comments on her beauty. When he forbids her from changing her dissertation to focus on Boty, Elisabeth requests a new supervisor.


A year later, Elisabeth visits Daniel and shows him the catalogue, suspecting that Boty’s paintings are the ones he described to her as a child. Daniel is visibly moved. Elisabeth assumes that he must have known the artist, but Daniel explains that the only time he fell in love, it wasn’t with a person but with “their eyes,” which he claims could show him who he really was. Shaken by the implication that Daniel has never loved a person, Elisabeth intentionally leaves the book with him, but he insists that she keep it.

Part 2, Chapter 22 Summary

This chapter recounts three stories from the life of Christine Keeler, a key figure in the 1963 Profumo Affair. In one anecdote from her childhood, Keeler and her friends find a small bomb, and knowing that it’s a bomb, they carry it home to show a boy’s father, which triggers a neighborhood-wide Royal Air Force evacuation. 


In another, nuns at the convent where Keeler was sent to live tell a story about a Black boy named Rastus who tries to save a dying white girl by tying fallen leaves back onto a tree; the narrator provides a historical note on the racist origins of the name “Rastus.” 


A final story describes how Keeler’s father killed a fieldmouse that she had brought home as a pet by deliberately stepping on it as she watched.

Part 2, Chapter 23 Summary

Elisabeth visits Daniel at his care home, where he remains unconscious and is kept alive by rehydration. The receptionist informs Elisabeth that the facility wants to discuss stopping the rehydration and that Daniel’s care payments are overdue. 


Elisabeth sees that Daniel’s chart lists his age as 101. She quietly asks the sleeping Daniel if he wants them to continue rehydrating him or if he’s ready to let go. A care assistant reveals details of Daniel’s past that he never told Elisabeth: During World War II, he, an English citizen, was interned with his German father and tried but failed to get his sister over. The assistant quotes Daniel as saying, “When the state is not kind…the people are fodder” (171). Struck by how little she truly knows about him, Elisabeth begins reading aloud to the sleeping Daniel from her book.

Part 2, Chapter 24 Summary

In a flashback, Daniel visits a young Elisabeth and Wendy. He admires the vintage advertisements visible in old family photographs. When Daniel asks the name of Elisabeth and Wendy’s cat, Elisabeth answers “Barbra,” named after the singer Wendy loves. Daniel then confides to Elisabeth that he once wrote lyrics for a song Barbra Streisand sang in concert but never recorded. He tells her that time travel is real and that people do it constantly from one moment to the next. He then performs a magic trick, making a coin disappear. He tells Elisabeth that the trick demonstrates how it’s in human nature to miss what is happening before their very eyes.

Part 2, Chapter 25 Summary

This short chapter describes the seasonal transition into late autumn. The days in October are still mild, but the nights are cold, and darkness encroaches earlier. A frost has occurred, and the leaves have turned color and are falling. Throughout the landscape, life prepares for winter, with spiders guarding their eggs and the next year’s butterfly eggs hidden on dormant plants.

Part 2, Chapters 20-25 Analysis

The revelation of Daniel’s wartime internment fundamentally reframes Elisabeth’s perception of their relationship, forcing her to reckon with the fallibility of memory and personal knowledge. For the first time, Elisabeth looks upon her friend with new knowledge of life before they met, which also impacts the facts of his life that he has disclosed to her. One example of this is Daniel’s disclosure that he has never fallen in love with a person, but rather with “how eyes that aren’t yours let you see where you are, who you are” (160). In the context of Daniel’s internment, Elisabeth understands how his description of Pauline Boty’s transformative perspective is something he sees as aspirational, rather than the pure object of his admiration. Both moments destabilize Elisabeth’s perception of the man who has singularly defined her capacity for love, as shown in her inability to commit to past partners. Through these revelations, the narrative reveals that her understanding of him, built on a lifetime of shared conversations, is fundamentally incomplete. His past contains political and personal tragedies she knew nothing about, while his definition of love only appears to exclude the very person-to-person connection she has prized. In point of fact, his aspiration toward Boty’s worldview can include a love for Elisabeth, one that has taught her to see her place in the world, as he described. This dynamic suggests that knowing another person is always a partial act and an interpretation of available stories rather than access to a complete truth, a personal crisis of knowledge that mirrors the novel’s broader examination of contested national histories.


The non-linear structure of these chapters, jumping between Elisabeth’s teenage years, her college relationships, and the present, is explicitly articulated by Daniel’s statement that “[t]ime travel is real…We do it all the time. Moment to moment, minute to minute” (175). This assertion crystallizes the theme of The Fluidity of Time and Memory, which the narrative embodies in its form. Chapter 20’s catalog of Elisabeth’s romantic failures is evidence of how her unresolved love for Daniel continues to define her emotional reality. A key memory in which Daniel wordlessly turns her to see a sunlit landscape against an approaching storm is a microcosm of their relationship; he has taught her to see the world from multiple temporal and emotional perspectives. This recasts Elisabeth’s bond with Daniel as a continuous, living presence that transcends linear chronology.


The discovery of a Boty exhibition catalogue allows the narrative to further explore Art as a Subversive Record, positioning Elisabeth as a champion for marginalized histories. When Elisabeth presents the book to her male tutor, he dismisses Boty’s work as “pretty dismissible” and “not very good” while repeatedly commenting on her physical appearance as a “very striking girl” (154). His assessment represents an established, patriarchal art history that overlooks or devalues the contributions of women, reducing Boty to her beauty rather than engaging with her intellect. In contrast, Elisabeth recognizes the radical power in Boty’s paintings, such as the diptych It’s a Man’s World I and II, which critique media, politics, and gender from a distinctly female perspective. By choosing to write her dissertation on Boty against her tutor’s explicit prohibition, Elisabeth engages in an act of historical and intellectual recovery. Boty’s art thus becomes a symbolic vehicle for challenging official narratives and excavating the stories of those who, like Boty, were silenced or forgotten. Boty’s own life story, which includes her refusal of cancer treatment that would harm her unborn child, further deepens this theme, presenting her as a figure whose art and life were intertwined acts of defiance.


The chapter on Christine Keeler’s childhood introduces an undercurrent of hidden violence and systemic cruelty that provides an important historical lens for the novel’s present. The anecdotes are brief but relevant allegories for a world where innocence is confronted by casual danger, institutionalized prejudice, and personal brutality. Keeler, whom the narrative previously depicted as a purely public figure, is humanized in this chapter, her public persona as a “femme fatale” complicated by a backstory of vulnerability and trauma. This atmosphere of unseen violence finds a direct parallel in Daniel’s previously unknown history. The care assistant quotes him saying, “When the state is not kind…the people are fodder” (171), a maxim born from his experience of being interned by his own country. This links the personal cruelties of Keeler’s childhood to the larger, state-sanctioned cruelties of history. Keeler is best remembered by history as the woman whose affair destabilized a government, but her story suggests that she’s also a witness to the cruelties that men and nations have imparted on the world without redress or a desire for reconciliation. The motif of trees and leaves appears in the tragic story of Rastus trying to tie leaves back on a tree, a futile gesture against decay that echoes the autumnal setting and Daniel’s physical condition.


A central metaphor of vision unites the personal, artistic, and political threads of these chapters. The idea is most clearly stated in Daniel’s definition of love as seeing through another’s eyes, a deep act of empathy that contrasts sharply with the willful ignorance of other characters. Elisabeth’s tutor fails to recognize Boty’s artistic merit, able to see only her physical attractiveness. Daniel’s magic trick, in which he makes a coin disappear, is a lesson about our innate tendency “not to see what’s happening right in front of our eyes” (175). This applies to both the permeable nature of time and to the obscured truths of history, which include the histories of people’s most intimate relationships. Elisabeth’s journey in this section is one of dawning sight; she’s finally seeing Boty’s actual paintings after years of imagining them, and she’s beginning to see the vast, hidden landscapes of Daniel’s past. Her growing awareness of how much she hasn’t seen suggests a broader commentary on the necessity of looking beyond surface appearances and official stories to grasp a more complex reality.

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