Autumn: A Novel

Ali Smith

Autumn: A Novel

Ali Smith
54 pages1-hour read
Fiction
Novel
Adult
Published in 2016

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Part 3, Chapters 31-37Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, racism, and gender discrimination.

Part 3, Chapter 31 Summary

In the spring of 2004, a 19-year-old Elisabeth watches the 1966 film Alfie and recognizes the artist Pauline Boty in a brief, uncredited cameo. Elisabeth reflects that the scene was filmed just before Boty’s death and that she was reportedly pregnant at the time. Frustrated with the detached language required for her dissertation, she flips through a Boty art catalogue. She focuses on photographs of a lost painting, Scandal 63, which depicts a nude Christine Keeler on a chair, surrounded by abstracts and the heads of four men.


Elisabeth recalls her research into the Profumo Affair, particularly an incident where the art historian Anthony Blunt purchased and then destroyed all of Stephen Ward’s portraits of the British elite from an exhibition. She vividly imagines the portraits being buried in a mass grave, perhaps along with Boty’s missing painting. Dismissing her own academic writing, Elisabeth revises a sentence in her notes to begin, “Arty art.”

Part 3, Chapter 32 Summary

This chapter is presented as a child’s school project, a “[p]ortrait in words of [their] next door neighbour” (231). The author, a young Elisabeth, describes her new neighbor as elegant and not old. Her mother has forbidden her from actually interviewing the man for her project, bribing her with a video player and a copy of Beauty and The Beast to invent the answers instead. The child lists five questions that she wishes she could ask her neighbor, Daniel Gluck. She wants to know what it’s like to be a neighbor, why his house is filled with pictures, and why music is always playing inside.

Part 3, Chapter 33 Summary

In 2016, Elisabeth watches a supermarket advertisement that uses the song “Summer Brother Autumn Sister” (235). Wendy and Zoe identify it as a 1962 one-hit wonder by Mike Ray and the Milky Ways, co-written by a “Gluck.” Seizing the opportunity, Elisabeth calls the supermarket’s head office. Posing as an agent from the “Spencer-Barnes Agency” (236), she leaves a message for the marketing department alleging copyright infringement on behalf of her client, Daniel Gluck. She demands that they contact her to negotiate payment.


Later, Zoe finds Elisabeth’s Boty catalogue and asks about the artist. Elisabeth explains that Boty was the only female British pop artist, a free spirit whose work has a powerful life force. Zoe correctly guesses the cycle of Boty’s legacy as one of being repeatedly ignored, lost, and rediscovered.

Part 3, Chapter 34 Summary

The narrative shifts to Boty’s perspective in the autumn of 1963 as she repaints her work Scandal 63. She decides to use a more thoughtful image of Christine Keeler. 


Boty reflects on her public image, her provocative college performances, shocking an older songwriter she nicknamed “Gershwin,” and her conservative family, including her disapproving father and her mother, Veronica, who was denied her own art education. She recalls her brothers telling her, “Shut up, you’re only a girl” (249). 


The narrative notes her successes in 1963, including acting, radio work, and dancing on Ready Steady Go! It also recounts her early poverty in a spare, cold room with a paraffin stove. After her death, Boty’s art will be lost for 30 years before being rediscovered in an outhouse on her brother’s farm. Boty sees her artistic purpose as capturing a moment just before it could actually happen.

Part 3, Chapter 35 Summary

Elisabeth walks through her mother’s village, where the atmosphere is tense. She sees that the house spray-painted with “GO HOME” has been repainted blue, though the word “HOME” is still faintly visible beneath the new coat. 


Zoe runs out laughing and tells Elisabeth that Wendy was arrested. After hearing a radio report about cutting funding for child asylum seekers, Wendy threw a barometer at the new security fence, causing it to short-circuit. She was released with a caution and now plans to protest daily by throwing antiques at the fence. Amid the chaos, Zoe tells Elisabeth that the care home called: Her “grandfather” is awake and has been asking for her.

Part 3, Chapter 36 Summary

At the care facility, the receptionist, who’s watching Game of Thrones, tells Elisabeth that Daniel ate a large lunch and said he was looking forward to her visit. Elisabeth finds him asleep in his room and sits beside his bed with her book, A Tale of Two Cities. After a moment, she finds Daniel awake and looking directly at her. He greets her, says that he was expecting her, and begins a lucid conversation by asking what she’s reading.

Part 3, Chapter 37 Summary

This brief chapter paints a picture of a bleak November day that feels more like winter than autumn. The landscape is characterized by fog, decaying leaves, rusting garden furniture, and bare trees revealing their structures. Amid the signs of decay and cold, however, a single, wide-open rose is still blooming vibrantly on its bush. The chapter ends with the directive, “Look at the colour of it” (260).

Part 3, Chapters 31-37 Analysis

Frustrated by the detached language of her dissertation, Elisabeth dismisses her own writing as “blah” and imagines a visceral, alternative history for lost art. This section contrasts the sterility of formal analysis with more immediate, emotional ways of understanding the past, revealing how Art as a Subversive Record operates on a personal as well as public level. Elisabeth’s academic sentence, “[A]rt like this examines and makes possible a reassessment of the outer appearances of things” (226), feels hollow to her. She finds more truth in her own vivid, violent fantasy of Anthony Blunt burying Stephen Ward’s portraits in a mass grave, an imagined scene that captures the political brutality of the Profumo Affair more effectively than her academic prose. This is paralleled by the childhood school project in Chapter 32, where a young Elisabeth’s direct, inquisitive questions about Daniel are stifled by her mother in favor of a fabricated report. Both the child’s curiosity and the adult’s imaginative reconstruction represent attempts to access a more authentic truth than the one permitted by conventional forms. Elisabeth’s final, rebellious revision of her dissertation note to read “Arty art” is a small act of defiance, rejecting academic pretense in favor of a language that acknowledges art’s artifice and its lively, subjective impact.


The narrative’s jump into Pauline Boty’s perspective in 1963 demonstrates The Fluidity of Time and Memory, collapsing the historical distance between Boty’s life and Elisabeth’s research. By inhabiting Boty’s consciousness as she works on Scandal 63, the novel transforms her from an object of study into a living character in the text, occupying the same narrative space that Elisabeth and Daniel do. Boty’s reflections reveal an artist keenly aware of the power dynamics shaping her world and her art. Her decision to repaint Christine Keeler as “Keeler the Thinker” challenges the media’s simplistic narrative (242). This is paralleled by her own personal and political pressures: the misogyny of her brothers who tell her, “Shut up, you’re only a girl” (249); the stifling conservatism of her father; and the joy she finds in her own intellectual and physical presence. This chapter provides a feminist counter-history of Boty and Keeler, mirroring Boty’s own artistic method of collage even as the text reckons with the fact that Boty’s story was absent from the history of art for many years. The chapter’s foreshadowing of her art being lost for decades emphasizes the precarity of such histories and the essential importance of their recovery.


The novel moves toward a resolution by showing Elisabeth and her mother engaging in their own forms of protest against contemporary political hostility, employing creativity and historical objects as weapons. Wendy’s act of protest against the fence, along with her resolution to keep resisting it, is a direct confrontation with The Alienation Caused by Political Division. The fence is a symbol of the new, hostile borders being erected in post-Brexit Britain. Her plan to continue the protest by “bombarding that fence with people’s histories and with the artefacts of less cruel and more philanthropic times” frames her act as a defense of cultural memory against a cruel present (255). Elisabeth’s protest is more subtle but equally subversive. By posing as an agent to claim copyright royalties for Daniel’s old song, she uses the language of corporate bureaucracy to challenge a system that consumes and discards culture without acknowledging its creators. Her phone call, full of assertive jargon like “infringement” and “alacrity,” is a performance that reclaims value for Daniel, an old man who the corporation likely assumed was dead. Both actions suggest that resisting a politically grim reality requires imagination and a re-purposing of the past.


The section culminates by juxtaposing images of decay and unexpected vitality, suggesting that hope persists even in the bleakest of seasons. The final chapter paints a picture of a grim late autumn, with “rotting” leaves, “rusting” garden furniture, and fog obscuring the landscape. This imagery reflects the national mood of division and despair. Yet, in the midst of this decay, there is a singular, vivid point of focus: “a wide-open rose, still” (260). The closing command, “Look at the colour of it” (260), is a directive for both the characters and the reader, advocating for an attentive focus on moments of beauty and life that defy the surrounding gloom. This rose echoes other instances of resilience in these chapters: Daniel’s sudden lucidity after a long silence, Zoe and Wendy finding love “at this late stage” (238), and the rediscovery of Boty’s legacy as an artist after decades of neglect. These moments suggest that life, creativity, and human connection can reemerge from harsh seasons with surprising force. Daniel waking up to greet Elisabeth brings the novel’s central relationship back to the present, a personal reunion that is a quiet counterpoint to the country’s public fragmentation.

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