Autumn: A Novel

Ali Smith

Autumn: A Novel

Ali Smith
54 pages1-hour read
Fiction
Novel
Adult
Published in 2016

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Part 2, Chapters 14-19Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death and racism.

Part 2, Chapter 14 Summary

Daniel wakes and feels as though he’s trapped inside the trunk of a Scots pine tree. His mind drifts into a dream-like vision where he sees a young woman he recognizes as Christine Keeler, the woman involved in the Profumo Affair. In the vision, Keeler is in a stately home where she puts on a suit of armor before entering a room filled with raucous laughter.


Daniel recognizes that this vision is based on a rumor. His thoughts then shift to a real memory of attending a trial at the Old Bailey. He recalls watching Keeler appear as a witness in the trial of her friend, the osteopath and portraitist Stephen Ward. He also remembers another witness, a young woman named Miss Ricardo, who recanted her police statement, claiming that she had been coerced by officers who threatened her family. When the judge instructed the jury to disregard her testimony, Daniel had a surreal vision of her transforming into a tree in the witness box.


The memory shifts again to Daniel as a younger man, standing in the rain and shouting bad, romantic rhymes at the empty house of a woman he loved who had recently married another man, Clive. Daniel himself reflects that this woman was the one who died young in this story. Daniel’s mind then jumps further back to when he was 16, riding a train with his sister in mainland Europe. He overheard passengers discussing a scientific method of identifying people by measuring their facial features and had a brief, intimidating encounter with a soldier. Daniel’s consciousness then returns to his present state in the bed, imagining being burned with the tree and reborn.

Part 2, Chapter 15 Summary

Elisabeth visits Wendy’s former medical practice to see a doctor but is met with bureaucratic obstacles. A receptionist reveals that Wendy has been removed from the patient list and refuses to let Elisabeth register herself because her passport is expired and she lacks other required forms of identification, such as a utility bill. Frustrated, Elisabeth leaves and goes to the Post Office to submit her passport renewal application. There, another official rejects her new photos, claiming that a piece of hair is out of place and that her eyes don’t align correctly with the official template. After a brief argument, Elisabeth insists that the application be sent anyway, deciding to take the risk of it being rejected by the Passport Office. The employee agrees but notes on the receipt that the customer is proceeding at her own risk. After leaving the Post Office, Elisabeth feels better and resolves to buy a book and then visit Daniel.

Part 2, Chapter 16 Summary

Elisabeth visits Daniel, who is asleep in the care home. While a care assistant works, Elisabeth reflects on a radio program that she heard discussing a societal failure to integrate, which devolved into political taunting. She concludes that genuine dialogue is no longer possible. 


While sitting with Daniel, Elisabeth begins to read a book and thinks about the scammer named Anna Pavlova who used her address. This reminds her of a time when her mother believed that Daniel must have been a ballet dancer due to his nimbleness. Elisabeth recalls asking Daniel to lie and confirm her mother’s suspicion. Daniel explained the consequences and asked if she still chose the lie; Elisabeth said she did. Rather than confirming or denying, Daniel declared it a secret he would never divulge.

Part 2, Chapter 17 Summary

In March 1998, 13-year-old Elisabeth takes a walk with Daniel. To pass the time, Daniel invents a storytelling game called Bagatelle, where he provides the first line of a story and Elisabeth tells the story that comes into her head from that line. He explains that the goal is to play around with stories considered unchangeable, using a version of Goldilocks where she spray-paints the bears’ house as an example. This leads to a debate about truth versus fiction. Daniel offers Elisabeth a choice of subject; she chooses war and supplies the character of a man with a gun. Daniel counters with a character in a tree costume, which Elisabeth dismisses as impractical. Daniel advises her that storytellers have free rein to create the world but that they should always give their characters choices and good faith. Elisabeth has a revelation, causing her to question how anyone can know what is true if stories can be changed. She re-evaluates the Goldilocks story, inventing a sympathetic backstory for the character. Seeing her shift in perspective, Daniel declares that she’s now ready to play the game.

Part 2, Chapter 18 Summary

In the present, Elisabeth sits with Daniel in the care home. She remembers the day when Daniel taught her to play Bagatelle and the story he came up with from the subject she provided. In Daniel’s story, a man with a gun confronts a person dressed as a tree, threatening to shoot them for being abnormal and a threat to his way of life. Just as the man is finally about to shoot, the costumed person transforms into a magnificent golden ash tree that bullets can’t harm. Frustrated, the gunman turns to find a new way to destroy the tree, only to be kicked and killed by the back half of a pantomime horse that he had forgotten to shoot.


The narrative concludes by describing how all the dead bodies, both the pantomime characters and the gunman, eventually decompose back into the earth, covered by leaves from the ash tree. Daniel then told young Elisabeth that this is the fate of everyone, advising her that one should always hold out hope for the person who questions conflict.

Part 2, Chapter 19 Summary

Elisabeth finds Wendy in high spirits after being selected to appear on an antique-hunting TV show, The Golden Gavel. While her mother excitedly explains the show and her chance to meet a childhood TV star, Elisabeth is preoccupied by a xenophobic incident she witnessed at a station taxi queue, where people shouted at a Spanish couple, telling them to return to Europe. 


Feeling restless, Elisabeth goes for a walk and discovers that the house previously vandalized with “GO HOME” now has a new, defiant message painted on it: “WE ARE ALREADY HOME THANK YOU” (138), accompanied by painted flowers and a tree. Inspired by this act of resistance, Elisabeth feels a renewed sense of purpose. Her walk takes her to the common, where she discovers that the security fence has been doubled. A guard from a company called SA4A confronts her, claims that she’s trespassing on private land, and threatens her with forcible removal and detainment. Elisabeth argues that it’s common land and refuses to leave. The guard eventually drives away after taking her picture. She continues her walk along the perimeter of the two fences.

Part 2, Chapters 14-19 Analysis

Daniel’s vision of Christine Keeler establishes the 1963 Profumo Affair as a thematic element of the text, putting it in conversation with the social atmosphere of Brexit that pervades the novel. By focusing on Keeler’s appearance in court and the questions to her credibility through the recanting of Miss Ricardo’s testimony, Smith examines the way Keeler has been put to scrutiny, which resonates with the way she was depicted in Pauline Boty’s lost artwork Scandal 63. Both Daniel and Miss Ricardo are linked by the shared image of the trees they transform into, making the image of the tree one of the novel’s main motifs. The fact that Miss Ricardo’s statement was crucial in the indictment against Stephen Ward and, by association, Keeler suggests how Daniel feels in his present stage of life: unable to act on the events that redefine the world he has known through his extended sleep period. Importantly, Miss Ricardo’s appearance also centers the fact that she did not willingly deliver her testimony but was coerced into doing so. This underscores the political machinations of the state, which will use its institutions to sanitize its transgressions against ordinary citizens. This mirrors the transgression of the fence that Elisabeth and Wendy encounter, which forces them to cede what was once common land to the whims of the state. Daniel’s mind moves tangentially from the memory of the trial to a menacing train journey where the other passengers discuss the benefits of eugenics, further echoing this idea. The structure of this dream-vision mirrors the theme of The Fluidity of Time and Memory, suggesting that personal and historical traumas coexist and inform the present moment.


While Daniel’s mind wanders through a porous and interconnected past, Elisabeth’s present is characterized by encounters with rigid, unyielding systems that enforce division. Her attempts to access basic services in Chapter 15, from seeing a doctor to renewing her passport, are blocked by bureaucratic gatekeepers fixated on arbitrary rules. A receptionist demands specific forms of ID that Elisabeth doesn’t have, and a Post Office official rejects her photo because her eyes “don’t sit with the permissible regularity inside the shaded area” (108). These officials act as agents of an impersonal system where procedure supersedes human need. This sequence develops the symbol of passports and photographs, which are intended to confirm identity but here function as instruments of exclusion. Elisabeth’s frustrating exchanges highlight a societal breakdown in which genuine dialogue is supplanted by the cold recitation of regulations. These interactions serve as a microcosm of The Alienation Caused by Political Division, reflecting a post-referendum climate where people are increasingly categorized, policed, and separated from one another by impenetrable structures.


In stark contrast to the closed-off nature of Elisabeth’s present, Daniel’s remembered lessons from Elisabeth’s childhood champion the power of narrative to open up possibilities and challenge authority. The storytelling game that he invents, Bagatelle, is built on the principle of trifling “with the stories that people think are set in stone” (117), a philosophy that positions storytelling as a form of creative resistance. This concept connects directly to the theme of Art as a Subversive Record, suggesting that art and narrative can offer alternative histories to dominant, often oppressive, accounts. The fantastical tale that Daniel spins for a 13-year-old Elisabeth, in which a person in a tree costume defeats a gunman not with violence but with a surprising metamorphosis into an actual tree, is a parable for this principle. The story reframes the nature of power, proposing that imagination and transformation can be more potent than brute force. This formative lesson deeply shapes Elisabeth’s worldview, informing her later academic interest in Boty and providing a framework for understanding resistance in her own time.


The lessons of Daniel’s storytelling find a direct echo in Elisabeth’s contemporary landscape, where creative acts of defiance stand against physical manifestations of hostility. After witnessing a xenophobic incident, Elisabeth discovers that the hateful “GO HOME” graffiti on a neighbor’s house has been answered with a vivid, artistic statement: “WE ARE ALREADY HOME THANK YOU” (138), accompanied by painted flowers and a tree. This act of subversive art embodies the very principles that Daniel taught her. However, this hopeful sign is immediately juxtaposed with a far more menacing symbol of division: The security fence on the common has been doubled, creating a sterile, monitored corridor through what was once open land. The fences are a stark emblem of the new social and political borders solidifying in Britain. Elisabeth’s confrontation with the SA4A guard, who insists that common land is private and threatens her with forcible removal, brings The Alienation Caused by Political Division into the realm of physical intimidation. This scene literalizes the “end of dialogue” that Elisabeth has been sensing (112), showing how abstract political rhetoric translates into hostile structures that reshape both the physical and social environment.


The section further explores the national mood by contrasting two different ways of engaging with the past. Elisabeth’s mother finds comfort and excitement in the nostalgic world of the antiques show The Golden Gavel, retreating into a televised, sanitized history where she can meet her childhood hero, the TV star Johnnie. This escapism stands in sharp relief against Elisabeth’s raw and immediate experience of contemporary xenophobia. The juxtaposition suggests a splintering of realities, where one segment of the population can indulge in the past as entertainment while another is forced to confront the hostile consequences of a divided present. The TV show’s premise, where reality stars unearth hidden value from historical “dross,” is itself a metaphor for the novel’s focus on reclaiming forgotten figures like Boty. Yet this televised nostalgia also is a distraction, a “hypnotic” broadcast that diverts attention from the urgent political realities. Elisabeth, meanwhile, reads about how political campaigns use similar emotional, non-factual methods to influence people, drawing a subtle line between harmless entertainment and manipulative propaganda and further distinguishing her critical engagement with the past from her mother’s more passive consumption of it.

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